Module 1 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the WHO definition of health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of disease
What are the three aspects of health?
- Absence of disease
- Capacity to function
- Complete wellbeing
What are some ways to measure health outcomes?
Life expectancy at birth
Infant mortality
Morbidity
Quality of life
What is the WHO definition of a health system?
All activities whose primary purpose is to promote, restore or maintain health
What is amenable mortality?
Death amenable to health care
What are the three primary things a health system is meant to do?
- Improve the health of a population
- Respond to people’s expectations
- Provide financial protection against the cost of ill health
What are the three intermediate goals of a health system?
Access
Quality
Efficiency
What are the two components of access?
Geographical access and ease of access (barriers)
What are the three components of quality?
Quantity- How much care is given?
Clinical quality- skill levels, correct diagnosis etc.
Service quality- amenities, convenience, interpersonal
What are the two aspects of efficiency?
Technical efficiency- minimum cost for maximum input
Allocative efficiency- right services being produced to achieve goals
What are the three key domains of the health sector?
Public health, primary health, secondary and tertiary health
What are the key differences between primary health and secondary and tertiary health?
Primary health care is first contact, in the community, whilst secondary and tertiary care are usually in a hospital setting and are high cost and high complexity
Which two services overlap with health care?
Disability and aged care
What are the three key aspects of public health?
Prevention
Health promotion and education
Environmental health and communicable disease control
According to Starfield, what are the five things that constitute strong primary health care?
First contact and access Continuity Comprehensive Coordinated Family and community orientation
What is the difference between primary care and primary health care?
Primary care refers to GP and first contact medical care whilst primary health care encompasses public health and all the social determinants of health and welfare
Which aspects of the Starfield definition does NZ perform well in?
Family orientation
Community orientation
Comprehensiveness
Which aspects of the Starfield definition could NZ improve on?
Continuity
Coordination
Which intermediate health system goal does NZ perform worst on and why?
Access-NZ has high rates of avoidable hospitalisations and people using hospitals as primary health care
What is the dual system?
In NZ hospital care is almost entirely government funded (84%) whereas a higher proportion of primary care funds are paid for by the individual (60% gov funded)
What is the main consequence of the dual system?
Those who cannot afford primary health care use hospitals as primary health care
What are the reasons for the dual system?
Specialists in hospitals are employed by organisations whilst GPs are private businesses and get paid on a fee for service basis
What were the six strategies used by the Public Health Care Strategy 2001?
- Setting up Primary Health Care Organisations (PHOs)
- Offer GPs more money for joining PHOs
- Change the way that GPs get paid
- Encourage PHOs to provide “team based” health care
- Require community involvement in the running of PHOs
- Use incentives for PHOs to improve access to those who need primary health care but do not use it
