Module 1-4 Flashcards
(311 cards)
1
Q
A valve in which the flow of liquid is
controlled by a rotating drilled ball that fits tightly against a resilient (flexible) seat in the valve body.
A
Ball valve
2
Q
Any group of two or more similar adjacent fixtures which discharge into a common horizontal waste or soil branch.
A
Battery of fixtures
3
Q
The end portion of a pipe which for a short distance is enlarged to receive the end of another pipe which may be of the same diameter for the purpose of making a joint.
A
Bell or hub
4
Q
A term that is synonymous with faucet, cock, plug, tap or spigot.
A
Bibb
5
Q
Any part of the piping system other
the main, riser or stack.
A
Branch
6
Q
A vertical length of soil or waste stack at least eight feet in height (a storey height), within which the horizontal branches from one storey or floor of the building or structure are connected to the stack.
A
Branch interval
7
Q
That part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which receives the discharge from soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside a building and conveys it to the building sewerhouse sewer.
A
Building drain/ House drain
8
Q
That part of the drainage system that extends from the end of the building drain and conveys its discharge to the public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage disposal system, or other appropriate point of disposal.
A
Building/ House sewer
9
Q
The first section of water supply piping in a building after the
water meter.
A
Building Supply Pipe
10
Q
Plugging an opening with oakum, lead or other material that are pounded into the annular space. Also, the material pounded into the annular space.
A
Caulking/ Calking/ Cogging
11
Q
A fitting with a removable plate or plug that is placed in plumbing drainage pipe lines to allow access to the pipes for the purpose of cleaning and maintenance.
A
Cleanout
12
Q
Part of the roofing and/or area gutter system that takes water from a roof above-surface area to a storm drain or other disposal area or system.
A
Conductor/ leader
13
Q
Any physical connection or arrangement of pipes between two otherwise separate building water supply pipes or system tlnough which or by means of which
water supply may flow from one system to the other, the direction of flow depends on the pressure difference between the two systems
A
Cross connection
14
Q
The extended portion of a pipe that is closed one end to which no connections are made on the extended portion, thus permitting stagnation of wastewater or air therein.
A
Deadend
15
Q
The vertical portion of a rainwater conductor.
A
Downspout
16
Q
A pipe which carries ground and surface water, stormwater or wastewater into the building drainage system.
A
Drain
17
Q
The abbreviation for drainage, waste and vent.
A
DWV
18
Q
A valve on a water pipe by means of which water can be drawn from or held within the pipe. The valve is placed on the end of the pipe.
A
Faucet
19
Q
The level in a fixture at which water begins to overflow the top or rim of the fixture.
A
Flood level
20
Q
The volume of water used by a plumbing fixture in a given amount of tune. Usually expressed in gallons per minute (gpm)
A
Flow rate
21
Q
The volume of water used by a plumbing fixture in a gi,·en amount of tune. Usually expressed in gallons per minute (gpm)
A
Flow rate
22
Q
A device located at the bottom of a flush tank for flushing water closets and similar fixtures
A
Flush valve
23
Q
A device which discharges a predetermined quantity of water to fixtures for flushing purposes and is actuated by direct water pressure.
A
Flushometer valve
24
Q
A device which discharges a predetermined quantity of
water to fixtures for flushing purposes and is actuated by
direct water pressure.
A
Flushometer valve
25
A bathroom containing a water closet, a lavatory and a bathtub.
Full bath
26
A valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disk, fitting against machine-smoothed surfaces at right angles to the direction of flow. The disk is raised or lowered by means of a threaded stem connected to the handle of the valve. The opening in the valve is usually as large as the full bore of the pipe.
Gate valve
27
A valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disk that fits against the valve seat. The plane of movement of the disk is parallel to the normal direction of flow of water, which is turned through a tortuous passage to direct the flow normal to the face of
the disk.
Globe Valve
28
A bathroom containing a water closet and a lavatory.
Half bath
29
A bathroom containing a water closet and a lavatory.
Half bath
30
A faucet to which a hose may be attached.
Hose bibb
31
A waste pipe that does not connect directly with the drainage system but conveys wastes by discharging into a plumbing fixture or receptacle, which is directly connected to the drainage system through an air break or gap into a trap, fixture receptor or interceptor, e.g. refrigerator waste pipe, drinking fountain waste pipe, etc.
Indirect waste pipe
32
A condition contrary to sanitary principles or injurious to
health.
Insanitary
33
A fixture designed for washing of the hands and face.
Lavatory/ wash basin
34
The principal pipe to which the branches may be connected.
Main
35
A vertical vent pipe installed primarily for the purpose of providing circulation of air to or from any part of the building drainage system.
Main vent/ Vent stack
36
An opening constructed in any part
of plumbing system of sufficient
size for a person to gain access
thereto.
Manhole
37
The art and science of installing in buildings the pipes, fixtures and other apparatus for bringing in water supply and removing water and waterborne wastes.
Plumbing
38
A receptacle attached to a plumbing system other than a trap in which water or wastes, may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.
Plumbing Fixture
39
All water supply, drainage, and venting systems and all fixtures and their traps complete with their connections.
Plumbing system
40
Water that meets the standards of a government agency and is used for culinary, domestic and drinking purposes.
Potable water
41
An outhouse or structure used for the deposition of excrement
Privy
42
A P-shaped trap commonly used on most plumbing fixtures except for fixture having integral trap.
P trap/ 1/2 S trap/ Gooseneck
43
A common sewer directly controlled by public authority to which all abutters have equal rights of connections.
Public sewer
44
A water supply pipe that extends vertically one full storey or more to convey water to fixture branches or group of fixtures.
Riser
45
The installation of parts of the plumbing system which can be completed prior to installation of fixtures or finishing. This includes drainage, water supply and vent
piping and necessary fixture supports.
Roughin-in
46
Pipes installed to remove wastewater and waterborne wastes from plumbing fixtures and convey these to the sanitary sewer and other points of disposal.
Sanitary Drainage Pipes
47
A loosely lined excavation in the ground, which receives the discharge of a septic tank and designed to permit the effluent from the septic tank to seep through the bottom and sides of the pit.
Seepage pit/ Cesspool/ Dry well
48
A loosely lined excavation in the ground, which receives the discharge of a septic tank and designed to permit the effluent from the septic tank to seep through the bottom and sides of the pit
Seepage pit/ Cesspool/ Dry well
49
A watertight receptacle which the discharge of sanitary plumbing system or part thereof, designed and constructed to retain solids, digest organic matter through a period of detention and to allow the liquids to discharge into the soil outside of the tank through a system of open jointed sub-surface piping or a seepage pit.
Septic tank
50
Any wastewater containing animal or vegetable matter in suspension or solution and may include liquids containing chemicals in solution.
Sewage
51
Any wastewater containing animal or vegetable matter in suspension or solution and may include liquids containing chemicals in solution.
Sewage
52
A pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and wastewater.
Sewer
53
A suction created by the flow of liquids in pipes; pressure less than the atmospheric pressure.
Siphonage
54
A pipe that conveys the discharge of water closets or similar fixtures containing fecal matter, with or without the discharge of other fixtures to the building drain or building sewer.
Soil pipe
55
A vertical pipe which conveys
the discharge of water closet,
urinal or fixtures having similar
function, with or without the discharges from other fixtures to the building drain or building sewer.
Soil stack
56
The end of a pipe which fits into a bell; also a word used synonymously with faucet.
Spigot
57
A general term used for any vertical line of soil, waste or vent piping.
Stack
58
A tank or pit below the normal grade of gravity receiving liquid wastes or sewage from which the waste.s or
sewage must be mechanically pumped to a higher receiving point.
Sump
59
A tank or pit below the normal grade of gravity receiving liquid wastes or sewage from which the wastes or
sewage must be mechanically pumped to a higher receiving point.
Sump
60
A system of pipes, fittings, and other devices installed for the purpose of providing air circulation and creating balanced atmospheric condition within the system, thereby preventing siphonage and backpressure.
Ventilation system
61
A pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals.
Vent pipe
62
A pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals.
Vent pipe
63
The vertical vent pipe installed primarily for providing circulation of air to and from any part of the soil, waste of the drainage system.
Vent stack/ Main Vent
64
A pipe that conveys only liquid waste free of fecal matter. A waste pipe may be connected directly or indirectly depending on the type of fixture.
Waste pipe
65
A pipe which conveys potable water from the building supply pipe to the plumbing flxtures and other outlets.
Water distributing pipe
66
A portion of water supply pipe from the water main or other source of water before the water meter.
Water service pipe
67
A portion of water supply pipe from the water main or other source of water before the water meter.
Water service pipe
68
A pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack below the floor and below the horizontal connection to an adjacent vent stack at a point above the floor and higher than the highest spill level of fixtures for preventing pressure changes in the stack.
Yoke vent
69
Water has the ability to absorb heat without becoming much warmer itself. It has greater heat capacity than any other substance except anuuonia.
Heat capacity
70
Water has the ability to absorb heat without becoming much warmer itself. It has greater extent for this ability than any other substance except ammonia.
Heat capacity
71
The ability of liquids to stick to itself and pull itself together. Water possesses an extremely high amount of this ability, as molecules cling together so tightly that it can support objects heavier than itself.
Surface tension
72
Water possesses the ability to dissolve almost any substance, thus it is considered a universal solvent.
Dissolving ability
73
Readily found in nature, as impounded from precipitation. Often contains impurities (physical, chemical, bacteriological, or radiological).
Natural water
74
Readily found in nature, as impounded from precipitation. Often contains impurities (physical, chemical, bacteriological, or radiological).
Natural water
75
Water that has undergone treatment ( either physical, biological, or chemical) to improve water quality.
Its process is an artificial means of obtaining chemically pure water.
Purified water
76
Water with any substance or material that affects the quality of water and in turn affects the health of an individual.
Contaminated water
77
Water with the presence of any foreign substance (organic, inorganic, radiological biological) which tends to degrade the overall quality so as to impair the potability of the water, and constitute a hazard to health.
Polluted water
78
Water with presence of elements such as Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), and Aluminum (al) which causes hardness. This is characterized by the difficulty of producing lather from detergents and the presence of scale deposits in pipes and heaters/boilers.
Hard water
79
Water without the presence of elements such as calcium and magnesium. This is characterized by the ease in producing lather from detergents and the absence of scale formation in boilers, heaters, and
pipes.
Soft water
80
Water from laundries, washbasins, sinks, showers, and bathtubs.
Grey water
81
Water plus human waste flushed out of toilets and urinals.
Black water
82
Water plus human waste flushed out of toilets and urinals.
Black water
83
Rain and surface runoff
Storm water
84
caused by the presence of
suspended materials (such as clay, silt, other forms of inorganic material plankton, or other
finely divided organic materials).
Turbidity
85
Temperature: In general, water supplied between _________ is preferable.
50° - 60° F (10- 16°C)
86
Temperature: In general, water supplied between _________ is preferable.
50° - 60° F (10- 16°C)
87
Usually caused by detergent concentration. While the foam itself does not pose a serious health threat, it may indicate the presence of other pollutants associated with waste in the water.
Foamability
88
Caused by carbonate, bicarbonate, or hydroxide components. Testing for these components of water alkalinity is key to deciding which forms of water treatment to use.
Alkalinity
89
inhibits the cleaning action of soaps and detergents and deposits scales on the insides of hot water pipes and cooking utensils, thus wasting fuel and rendering utensils unusable. This is caused by calcium and magnesium salts and can be classified as either temporary (carbonate) or permanent (bicarbonate)
Hard water
90
Enumerate toxic substances in water
(As), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), cyanides (CN), fluoride (F), le.ad (Pb), selenium (Se), and silver (Ag).
91
It can enter water as it passes
through geological deposits formed by marine sediment, or as a result of contamination from pollution from sea water, brine, or industrial wastes.
Chlorides
92
Copper can enter water through natural deposits, or copper pipit1g that contains corrosive water
Copper
93
Frequently present in groundwater.
Iron
94
At high levels of concentration, it poses a threat to infants, as one of the causes of blue baby syndrome (methemoglobinenia), wherein the amount of oxygen in the blood is severely limited.
Nitrates
95
In shallow wells, nitrate concentrations can indicate seepage from deposits of ________.
Livestock manure
96
Possess laxative effects. Sulfates can enter groundwater through natural deposits of salts.
Sulfates
97
Sometimes enters groundwater in areas where it is in abundance. While not a major health threat, at concentrations above 5 mg/1, it can induce an undesirable taste.
Zinc
98
It can be a mixture of surface run-off and groundwater. Sources include rivers, lakes, ponds, and itnpounding reservoirs.
Surface water
99
It can be a mixture of surface run-off and groundwater. Sources include rivers, lakes, ponds, and itnpounding reservoirs.
Surface water
100
The portion of rainwater that has percolated into the earth and formed underground deposits called aquifers (water-bearit1g soil-formations). As a source
of water, groundwater can by extracted in many different ways.
Groundwater
101
These are holes in the earth from which a fluid may be withdrawn using manual or mechanical means, such as a draw bucket, a pump, etc.
Wells
102
Water that flows into wells is called _____.
Groundwater
103
Ground water reservoirs
Aquifers
104
Ground water reservoirs
Aquifers
105
The level at which water stands in a well that is not being pumped
Water table
106
These can be constructed with hand tools or power tools, and can be dug to a depth of about 15 meters (50 feet) and can have the greatest diameter that a space may allow.
Dug wells
107
These are the simplest and usually
the least expensive. A steel drive-well point is fitted on one
end of the pipe section and driven
into the earth. The. drive point is usually 1 ¼ in. to 2 inches
(32 - 51 mm) in diameter. The point
may be driven into the ground to a depth of up to 15 meters (50 feet).
Driven wells
108
Dug with earth augers, are usually
less than 30 meters (100 feet) deep.
These are used when the earth to
be bored is free of boulders and will not cave in. The diameter ranges
from 2 to 30 inches. The well is
lined with either metal, vitrified tile, or concrete
Bored wells
109
These wells require more elaborate types of equipment, depending on the
geology of the site. As such, these can measure up to 300 meters (984 feet).
Drilled wells
110
It involves the raising and dropping of a heavy drill bit and stein. Having thus pulverized, the earth being drilled is mixed with water to form a slurry which is periodically removed. As drilling proceeds, a casing is also lowered (except when drilling through rock).
The Percussion ( or Cable Tool) method
111
It utilizes a cutting bit at the lower end of the drill pipe; a drilling fluid ( or pressurized air) is constantly pumped to the cutting bit to aid in the removal of particles of earth, which are then brought to the surface. After the drill pipe is
withdrawn, a casing is lowered into position.
Rotary Drilling (Either Hydraulic or
Pneumatic)
112
It combines the percussion effect with the rotary drill bit.
down-the-hole pneumatic (air) hammer
113
This process can be employed to remove some suspended matter from water by allowing time and
inactivity of water to do the work of sorting out heavier suspended particles. Heavy suspended
materials settle at the bottom of vessels thereby rendering water clear or non-turbid.
Sedimentation
114
In this process a chemical namely aium (hydrated aluminum sulfate) is added to turbulent water. This
process removes suspended matter, along with some coloration
Coagulation
115
In aeration, the surface of the water is exposed to air as much as possible. This process can irnprove
the taste and color of water, remove iron and manganese, and decrease its corrosiveness. The possibilities for aeration are varied in its aesthetic applications such as spraying water into air, water
cascading into a spillway, flowforms or sculptural waterfalls designed to carry water in a rhythmic, pulsating pattern.
Aeration (Oxidation)
116
a powerful oxidizing and disinfecting method used to destroy bacteria, viruses and other
pathogenic organisms. This is done by passing dry air ( or pure oxygen) through a system of high voltage electrodes to produce ozone where 80% of the energy is converted into heat.
Ozonation
117
This common means of water treatment can remove some suspended particles, some bacteria, and some color. The following are some variations of filtration using different agents, forms and specific applications.
Filtration
118
It is a low maintenance method that is generally used in rainwater application. Devices used in this method should be cleaned as often as possible depending on the degree of turbidity of water. It can be cleaned by the removal of filters, which are either washed for reuse or may be discarded.
Slow sand filtration
119
It uses pressure to force water out of a containment
vessel such as tank. Sand is used as a filtering agent. Periodic cleaning is required as dirt accumulates over time and with the constant passage of turbid water. It may require the removal of sand filter or backwashing as a method of cleaning filters. This system of water filtration is commonly used in swimming pool application
Pressure Sand Filtration
120
It uses diatomite, a naturally
occurring siliceous sedimentary rock that easily crumbles into fine powder that is used as a filter
agent. This agent filters out particles of bigger size than the filter itself thus retaining suspended particles in a tank or containment vessel. The resulting product is a clean and dirt-free water.
Diatomaceous Earth Filtration
121
This kind of filter consists of a permeable porcelain unglazed tube called bisque that contains a
ring of enameled porcelain through
which water flows and filtered in the process. This is usually produced in small sizes for ready attachment to water faucets.
Porous Stone, Ceramic or Unglazed
Porcelain Filters (Pasteur Filters)
122
This method of filtration is a combined process used in removing iron and/or 1nanganese from
water. In this process chlorine chemically oxidizes iron or manganese which creates
precipitates. It kills iron bacteria which can form a slimy mass.
Fine Filtration by Chlorination
123
It uses granulated carbon which attracts large quantities of dissolved gases, soluble organics, and fine solids. Activated carbon works through a process known as adsorption whereby contarninant molecules are trapped inside the pore structure of the carbon. This is particularly effective in removing undesirable taste and odor in water, commonly used in domestic water purification.
Activated carbon filters
124
A widely used method in removing many types of dissolved or suspended chemical as well as
biological contaminants. Reverse Osmosis (RO) is also used in desalting seawater by reducing the mineral content in water. However, dissolved chemicals remain.
Reverse Osmosis
125
This is the most important health-related water treatment. Chlorine affects the taste and odor of water, it is also effective in
removing less desirable tastes and odors.
Disinfection
126
This is the most widely-used disinfectant in municipal water systems across most of the world.
Chlorine
127
These compounds result from the reaction of ammonia with chlorine in water solution. They are commonly used in municipal water systems due to their superior stability over chlorine, however, they are not as strong as chlorine and thus have less bacteria-killing ability in comparison
Chloramines
128
These compounds result from the reaction of ammonia with chlorine in water solution. They
are commonly used in municipal water systems due to their superior stability over chlorine, however, chloramines are not as strong as chlorine and thus have less
bacteria-killing ability in comparison
Chloramines
129
Chlorine dioxide exhibits stronger disinfecting characteristics than chloramines, but there is little evidence of extensive use of the disinfectant.
Chlorine dioxide
130
It exhibits stronger disinfecting characteristics than chloramines, but there is little evidence of extensive use of the disinfectant.
Chlorine dioxide
131
This common relative of chlorine has been used for years for disinfecting drinking water of unknown quality. Unfortunately, certain kinds of gram-negative bacteria can develop resistance to ________.
Iodine
132
It relies on evaporation to
purify water. It effectively removes inorganic compounds such as metals (lead), iron and nitrates. It also kills microorganisms such as
bacteria and some viruses.
Distillation
133
A major advantage of fluoridating water is that children who drink fluoridated water have lower
rates of tooth decay. However, this benefit only applies to children, not adults, and in amounts
higher than those used in water treatment; its compound is toxic and can cause mottle teeth. As
such, while fluoridation units can be instilled into small water systems, its levels in the water supply must be carefully monitored
Fluoridation
134
A mechanism of contaminant removal making use of the adsorption phenomenon, the act of
physical adhesion of molecules or colloids to the surface of the medium without chemical reaction
Adsorption
135
This procedure is done by heating seawater, then
pumping water into a low pressure tank, where the water partially vaporize
Water desalination
136
This procedure is done by heating seawater, then
pumping water into a low pressure tank, where the water partially vaporize
Water desalination
137
Method for correction hard water
Zeolite process (ion exchanger)
138
Method for correcting hard water
zeolite processs (ion exchanger)
139
Method for correcting hard water
zeolite processs (ion exchanger)
140
Method for correcting corrosive water
raising alkaline content
141
Method for correcting color
chlorination or ozonation and fine filtration
142
Method for correcting biological contamination
chlorination (NaHCl or Cl(g)) or Ozonation
143
Method for correcting biological contamination
chlorination (NaHCl or Cl(g)) or Ozonation
144
Method for correcting taste and odor
Filtration through activated carbon purifier aeration
145
Method for correcting taste and odor
Filtration through activated carbon purifier aeration
146
Method for correcting turbidity
filtration
147
Method for correcting turbidity
filtration
148
A cylindrical conduit or conductor usually cylindrical in cross section, of sufficient wall thickness capable of conveying or allowing the flow of liquid, gas, stearn or air through it.
Pipe
149
These are standardized part or component usually pre-fabricated that is used to connect sections or segments of pipes, equipment, fixtures, trims, etc.
Fitting
150
These are standardized part or component usually pre-fabricated that is used to connect sections or segments of pipes, equipment, fixtures, trims, etc.
Fitting
151
The property of a metal that permits mechanical deformation by extrusion, forging, rolling, etc., without fracturing.
Malleability
152
The resistance of a material to deformation by compression or indentation.
Hardness
153
The resistance of a material to deformation by compression or indentation.
Hardness
154
The property of a material which fractures under low stress without appreciable deformation.
Brittleness
155
The property of a material which fractures under low stress without appreciable deformation.
Brittleness
156
Property of a rnaterial described as being capable of being stretched or deformed without fracturing.
Ductility
157
Material property which enables it to retain its appearance and integrity when exposed to the effects of the sun, wind, moisture, and changes in ternperature.
Weatherability
158
Material property that refers to its resistance to being worn down by friction when rubbed against another object.
Abrasion Resistance
159
Resistance of a surface/material to shock or impact applied in an instant, such as the impact of being dropped on the floor.
Impact Resistance
160
Property of piping materials that evaluates its durability and resistance to wearing away as a result of chernical intervention (such as rusting).
Corrosion Resistance
161
The degree of which a surface can resist the degrading effects of acid, such as porcelain or enamel.
Acid Resistance/Chemical Resistance
162
The degree of which a surface can resist the degrading effects of acid, such as porcelain or enamel.
Acid Resistance/Chemical Resistance
163
Rate of heat transfer by conduction.
Thermal Conductivity
164
An index of material resistance to the transmission of heat
Thermal Resistivity
165
The capacity of a material for withstanding open flame or providing protection from fire.
Fire resistance
166
Ability of a piping material to withstand the effect of heat without causing deformation to the material.
Heat Resistance
167
Resistance of a material to rupture caused by overpressure of air or liquid inside the pipe.
Pressure Resistance
168
True or False: Vent piping does not necessarily require drainage-pattern fittings.
True
169
A fitting used to change direction, especially in a sanitary drainage system. Fittings are available with changes at various angles.
Bend or sweep
170
A pipe fitting or a preformed piece of tubing which provides a 180° change in direction.
Return Bend
171
It is a fitting having a 90° change in direction with a very short radius. It is suitable for use in water supply systems.
Elbow
172
An elbow having both ends internally threaded and of the same diameter.
Straight Elbow
173
A malleable iron fitting for threaded pipe, having a 45° or 90° bend, with an inside thread on one end and an outside thread on the other.
Street or Service Elbow
174
It is a fitting used to connect a branch pipe into a straight run of piping at a 45° angle. They are available with end connections that are of the same shape or with various combinations of reduced pipe sizes in any direction.
Wye or wye branch
175
A single fitting which is a combination of a wye branch and a 1/8 bend; used in a drainage system in changing the direction such as from horizontal (branch) to stack, or from vertical (stack) to horizontal (house drain/ building drain).
Combination Wye Branch
176
A single fitting which is a combination of a wye branch and a 1/8 bend; used in a drainage system in changing the direction such as from horizontal (branch) to stack, or from vertical (stack) to horizontal (house drain/ building drain).
Combination Wye Branch
177
A one-piece fitting composed of 1/8 bend and wye branch where the branch inlet is parallel to the drum; used when two stacks are provided
where. one stack is used as a vent and the other for soil or waste or both soil and waste stack.
Upright Wye Combination
178
A one-piece fitting composed of 1/8 bend and wye branch where the branch inlet is parallel to the drum; used when two stacks are provided
where. One stack is used as a vent and the other for soil or waste or both soil and waste stack.
Upright Wye Combination
179
A combined fitting composed of a 1/8 bend and wye branch, but the branch inlet is provided with a spigot rather than a bell. It is used in lieu of a
ventilation system, usually installed at the uppermost portion of the vent stack or main vent
Inverted Wye Combination
180
A fitting used in connecting a branch pipe into a straight run of piping at a right angle. Where flow characteristics are important, such as in the drainage system, code requires that a sanitary tee be used. Where flow is not a consideration, standard tees are permitted. They are available with end connections of all similar sizes or in various combinations of reduced pipe sizes in any direction.
Tee
181
A tee having all openings the same size.
Straight Tee
182
A malleable iron fitting for threaded pipe in the form of a tee having an outside thread on one end and an inside thread on the other and on the branch.
Street Tee or Service tee
183
A tee used as fitting for a soil pipe designed with a slight curve in the. 90° transition so as to channel flow from a branch line toward the direction of the main flow.
Sanitary Tee
184
A type of cross pipe used as fitting, designed with a slight curve in each of the 90° transitions so as to channel flow from branch lines toward the direction of the main flow.
Sanitary Cross Tee
185
A bell-end tee, which has a branch that is tapped to receive a threaded pipe or threaded pipe fitting.
Tapped Tee
186
A short internally-threaded section of pipe, used to join two pipes. They are provided with tiny ridges on the inside surface of the fitting to allow pipe to seat.
Coupling
187
A short internally-threaded section of pipe, used to join two pipes. Couplings are provided with tiny ridges on the inside surface of the fitting to allow pipe to seat.
Coupling
188
Has a similar application as a coupling but its ends are enlarged to provide additional mechanical strength.
Socket
189
Has a similar application as a coupling but its ends are enlarged to provide additional mechanical strength.
Socket
190
A type of fitting used to connect pipes
of different materials (such as galvanized steel pipes to plastic or synthetic pipes, the galvanized pipe being threaded and the plastic pipe having no threads), a type of teansition fitting.
Adapter
191
A short length of pipe with external threads at each end; used to join couplings or fittings.
Nipple
192
A short length of pipe with external threads at each end; used to join couplings or fittings.
Nipple
193
A type of nipple with the entire length externally threaded.
Close nipple
194
A type of nipple with the entire length externally threaded.
Close nipple
195
A type of nipple having both externally threaded and midsection unthreaded.
Open nipple/ shoulder nipple
196
A type of nipple having both externally threaded and midsection unthreaded.
Open nipple/ shoulder nipple
197
An internally-threaded fitting used to close the end of a pipe.
Cap
198
An internally-threaded fitting used to close the end of a pipe.
Cap
199
An externally-threaded fitting usually with a square head; used to close the end of a pipe.
Plug
200
A pipe fitting which is threaded on both the inside and the outside so that it can be used to connect two pipes ( or other fittings) of different sizes.
Bushing
201
A pipe fitting which is threaded on both the inside and the outside so that it can be used to connect two pipes ( or other fittings) of different sizes.
Bushing
202
A fitting with a projecting collar along the edge; used on installations requiring increased area coverage for added mechanical strength.
Flange
203
A fitting with a projecting collar along the edge; used on installations requiring increased area coverage for added mechanical strength.
Flange
204
A pipe fitting used to connect the ends of two pipes; neither of which can be turned. Consists of three pieces: the two end pieces (internally-threaded), which are tightened around the pipe ends to be joined), and a center piece, which draws the two end pieces together as it is rotated, effecting a seal.
Union or Union Patente
205
A pipe fitting used to connect the ends of two pipes; neither of which can be turned. Consists of three pieces: the two end pieces (internally-threaded), which are tightened around the pipe ends to be joined), and a center piece, which draws the two end pieces together as it is rotated, effecting a seal.
Union or Union Patente
206
A pipe fitting with inside threads, larger at one end than at the other.
Reducer
207
A pipe fitting with inside threads, larger at one end than at the other.
Reducer
208
A tapered coupling used for joining a pipe to another of larger size.
Increaser
209
A fitting used to connect different types of pipes together; also a fitting that connects threaded pipes with non-threaded pipes, e.g. a male adaptor, a fe.male adaptor.
Adaptor
210
Known technically as Gray Cast Iron Pipe, is a pipe fabricated from an alloy containing carbon and silicon.
Cast Iron Soil Pipe
211
It is used in general building plumbing installation.
Service, SV Type (Standard)
212
It is generally used in underground plumbing drainage installation.
Extra Heavy, XV Type
213
It is generally used in underground plumbing drainage installation.
Extra Heavy, XV Type
214
It uses compression coupling joint.
Hubless
215
It uses compression coupling joint.
Hubless
216
Lining with cement or coal tar enamel with external coatings composed of variety of materials reduce what properties of pipe?
corrosion by soils
217
Available sizes for Bell (Hub) and Spigot, and Hubless. Bell and Spigot-types
3 to 15 inches (75 to 400 mm)
218
Available sizes for hubless-types
1.5 to 10 inches (38 to 250 mm)
219
Available sizes for hubless-types
1.5 to 10 inches (38 to 250 mm)
220
To join hubless pipes, this fitting is needed
external compression coupling
221
To join hubless pipes, this fitting is needed
external compression coupling
222
Bell and spigot-types can be joined through __________
Caulking
223
Pipe having a bell or hub on one end and a spigot on the other; uses caulking as connection or jointing method.
Standard Pipe (Std) Pipe
224
One end of this pipe has a bell or hub and a plain end on the other; plain end can be joined with another plain end pipe using compression coupling joint.
Single Hub (SH) Pipe
225
One end of this pipe has a bell or hub and a plain end on the other; plain end can be joined with another plain end pipe using compression coupling joint.
Single Hub (SH) Pipe
226
Both ends have bells or hubs; may be cut into two resulting in two single hub pipes of different lengths.
Double Hub (DH) Pipe
227
Both ends are plain; uses mechanical compression coupling joint
Hubless (H) Pipe
228
Both ends are plain; uses mechanical compression coupling joint
Hubless (H) Pipe
229
It is commonly called High-Silicon Iron Pipe, is a gray cast iron alloy containing between 14.5 - 15% silicon and small amounts of manganese, sulfur, and carbon.
Acid-Resistant (AR) Cast Iron Pipe
230
It is commonly called High-Silicon Iron Pipe, is a gray cast iron alloy containing between 14.5 - 15% silicon and small amounts of manganese, sulfur, and carbon.
Acid-Resistant (AR) Cast Iron Pipe
231
lt is manufactured in the same dimension as cast iron pipe but only in the extra-heavy weight range.
Acid-Resistant (AR) Cast Iron Pipe
232
AR Cast Iron Pipe is available in two pipe ends
Bell (Hub) and Spigot or Hubless
233
AR Cast Iron Pipe is available in two pipe ends
Bell (Hub) and Spigot or Hubless
234
These are used for drainage of corrosive liquids and in exposed or underground applications where they may be subject to physical damage.
Acid-Resistant (AR) Cast Iron Pipes
235
It is available either plain (black) or zinc-coated. The wall thicknesses range from Schedule 10 (lightest) to Schedule 80 (heaviest). The relationship benveen schedule and wall thicknesses depends on the pipe diameter.
Galvanized Steel (GS) Pipes and Fittings
236
Made by drawing flat strips of steel through dies
to form round shapes, before welding an electric butt down the seam. Manufactured in 20-foot lengths.
Welded Pipe (Butt Welded and Continuous Welded Pipe)
237
Made by piercing red-hot solid cylindrical billets of steel with a series of mandrels while passing the steel through rollers.
Seamless Pipe
238
Where is galvanized Malleable Iron Fittings used?
water supply piping
239
Where is galvanized Malleable Iron Fittings used?
water supply piping
240
Where is standard Cast Iron Threaded Fittings used?
Vent Pipe
241
Where is standard Cast Iron Threaded Fittings used?
Vent Pipe
242
Where is cast iron recessed fittings used?
sanitary and storm drainage piping
243
Where is cast iron recessed fittings used?
sanitary and storm drainage piping
244
It is constructed of wrought iron, dipped in molten zinc, and may be identified by its dull, greyish color. Tests have indicated that this type of pipe resists acid wastes more than steel does, which is an iniportant factor to take into consideration when specifying plumbing materials.
Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe
245
It is constructed of wrought iron, dipped in molten zinc, and may be identified by its dull, greyish color. Tests have indicated that this type of pipe resists acid wastes more than steel does, which is an important factor to take into consideration when specifying plumbing materials.
Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe
246
A cast iron wherein the carbon has been reformed by magnesium inoculation, resulting in a material possessing high strength without changing its basic properties.
Ductile Iron (DI) Pipe
247
Fabricated in a great variety of compositions, many of which are suitable for drainage and vents, as well as water supply systems - both hot and cold applications.
Plastic or Synthetic Pipe
248
It is not affected by the heat and will remain permanently rigid. It is more resistant to solvents than thermoplastics.
Thermoset piping (Epoxy and Phenolic)
249
It is not affected by the heat and will remain permanently rigid. It is more resistant to solvents than thermoplastics.
Thermoset piping (Epoxy and Phenolic)
250
It softens when subjected to heat and re-hardens upon removal of heat. This process of heating; and re-hardening affects the strength of the pipe.
Thermoplastic
251
It softens when subjected to heat and re-hardens upon removal of heat. This process of heating; and re-hardening affects the strength of the pipe.
Thermoplastic
252
This pipe possesses excellent chemical resistance, good crush resistance and impact strength, is fire resistant (self-extinguishing), is functional up to 120°F in pressure systems and 180°F in non-pressure systems, such as Drain, waste, and Vent DWV applications
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
253
It can be utilized in hot and cold water applications. Functions at 180° F in pressure systems and at higher temperatures in low and non-pressure systems. CPVC requires a special kind of solvent cement used for other types of plastic welding
Chlorinated PVC
254
It is used in pressure supply and drainage systems to carry water for uses such as golf course sprinklers, agricultural irrigation, underground gas distribution systems, industrial and chemical piping, corrosive fume ducting, and crude oil transportation.
PVC
255
Possesses good chemical resistance and excellent impact strength, especially at low temperatures, and maintains rigidity at high
te,nperatures. Maximum functional temperature is 180°F for non-pressure systems. Also used in the production of LEGO's iconic children's building brick
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
256
Possesses good chemical resistance and excellent impact strength, especially at low temperatures, and maintains rigidity at high
te,nperatures. Maximum functional temperature is 180°F for non-pressure systems. Also used in the production of LEGO's iconic children's building brick
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
257
It is lightweight but brittle at low temperatures. Functions at a maximum temperature of 160° F. It is used in drainage and sewage systems, underground downspout drains, underground electrical conduits, septic tank absorption fields, and foundation drain
Rubber Modified Styrene (SR)
258
Stronger and more rigid than polyethylene with a higher functioning temperature of 190°F. It is popular as a material for tubular products such as P-traps due to its high chemical resistance.
Polypropylene (PP) or PP-R
259
Stronger and more rigid than polyethylene with a higher functioning temperature of 190°F. It is popular as a material for tubular products such as P-traps due to its high chemical resistance.
Polypropylene (PP) or PP-R
ethylene glycol is toxic and propylene glycol is not
260
Strong, tough, and abrasive-resistant fluorocarbon material, with excellent
chemical resistance to most acids, bases, and organic solvents, and is ideally suited for handling wet or dry chloride, bromine, and other halogens;
Polyvinylidine Fluoride (PVDF) Kem Temp
261
Strong, tough, and abrasive-resistant fluorocarbon material, with excellent
chemical resistance to most acids, bases, and organic solvents, and is ideally suited for handling wet or dry chloride, bromine, and other halogens;
Polyvinylidine Fluoride (PVDF) Kem Temp
262
Excellent resistance to paraffins and
solvents, high resistance to surge. fatigue, non-toxic, and approved for use with potable water.
Polyacetal (acetal)
263
Excellent resistance to paraffins and
solvents, high resistance to surge. fatigue, non-toxic, and approved for use with potable water.
Polyacetal (acetal)
264
Its is used for process systems, solvent handling, agricultural chen1icals, crude oil, and natural gas disttibution systems. It is also used in manufacturing faucet bonnet and valve stems.
acetal
265
Its is used for process systems, solvent handling, agricultural chemicals, crude oil, and natural gas distribution systems. It is also used in manufacturing faucet bonnet and valve stems.
acetal
266
Functions in temperatures from -65° to 120°F in low pressure applications, and up to 200°F in non pressure applications. It is used in low-pressure water systems,such as golf course sprinklers, used to carry corrosive liquids and gasses as underground conduits and gas pipe reliners, in industrial and chemical laboratory drainage systems and underground gas piping.
Polyethylene (PE)
267
It is used as a corrugated draitiage pipe for foundation drainage.
Polyethylene (PE)
268
It is used as a corrugated draitiage pipe for foundation drainage.
Perforated Polyethylene (PE)
269
Functions in temperatures from -65° to 120°F in low pressure applications, and up to 200°F in non-pressure applications.PE is used in low-pressure water systems,such as golf course sprinklers, used to carry corrosive liquids and gasses, as underground conduits and gas pipe reliners, in industrial and chemical laboratory drainage systems and underground gas piping.
Polyethylene (PE)
270
Only flexible plastic tubing suitable for use with hot and cold water pressure systems.
Polybutylene (PB)
271
Only flexible plastic tubing suitable for use with hot and cold water pressure systems.
Polybutylene (PB)
272
True or False: PB possesses excellent chemical resistance to acids and alkali and it is suited for fuel oil, gasoline, or kerosene distribution systems.
False (not suited); known for micro-fracturing which makes it prone to leaking
273
True or False: Polybutylene can be joined with heat fusion, flare, or compression fittings.It is solvent-weldable. Several plastic fitting designs are available for use with PB.
False (not solvent weldable)
274
True or False: PB is rated to
function at 180° up to 100 psi;
higher temperatures can be tolerated with relatively small reduction in pressure
True
275
It is used in water supply systems - hot and cold and sanitary ( drainage, waste, and vent) systems.
Copper Tube
276
It is a seamless tube made from
almost pure copper (99.9%) and is available only in drawn soft form with plain ends.
Copper Tube
277
Joining methods for copper tubes
Soldering or brazing
278
True or False: Outside dimension for copper tube is always 1/8 inch bigger than the given size.
True
279
True or False: Soft-temper copper tubes are generally used in exposed areas and resist dents caused by improper handling during
installation. Hard-temper copper tubes are used where flexibility is a consideration.
False; hard-temper in exposed areas and soft-temper where flexibility is a consideration
280
Used in municipal and residential installation. Available in both
rigid and flexible forms with diameters of 1/4", 3/8", 3/4", 1/2", and 1".
Type K (green)
281
lighter than K - used often in residential water lines. K and L are
manufactured in hard (rigid 20' lengths) and soft (60,' 100', and 200'; the latter in smaller sizes). Available in both rigid and flexible forms
in J/4" to I" diameters.
Type L (blue)
282
lighter than K - used often in residential water lines. K and L are
manufactured in hard (rigid 20' lengths) and soft (60,' 100', and 200'; the latter in smaller sizes). Available in both rigid and flexible forms
in J/4" to I" diameters.
Type L (blue)
283
Hard (20' lengths and under). Recommended for light domestic water lines, however it is not permitted under some city codes.
Type M (red)
284
Rigid only and comes in lengths of 20'
Type DWV (Drain, waste, and Vent)
(yellow)
285
50' coils and rigid 20' lengths.
Most refrigeration copper has moisture removed and ends sealed for better perfonnance of
refrigerants.
Type ACR (Air-conditioning and
Refrigeration)
286
50' coils and rigid 20' lengths.
Most refrigeration copper has moisture removed and ends sealed for better perfonnance of
refrigerants.
Type ACR (Air-conditioning and
Refrigeration)
287
True pr False: Flexible brass or soft aluminum pipe seems to be efficient for gas transmission to household heating and appliances.
True
288
It is manufactured from an alloy containing 85% copper and 15% zinc. For drainage systems, tubing with plain ends is used.
Brass Pipe
289
True or False: . Brass pipe
is generally used in local branch line.s and in ahernation
to match existing work.
True
290
True or False: The advantages and
disadvantages of brass pipe are the same as those for copper tubing, except that brass can be used as a drain pipe under pressure.
True
291
True or False: The advantages and
disadvantages of brass pipe are the same as those for copper tubing, except that brass can be used as a drain pipe under pressure.
True
292
It is made from 99.7% pig lead; various alloys are available for
special applications. Lead pipes are used for connections to floor-mounted water closets, for
radioactive wastes, and for spec.ial laboratory corrosive wastes.
Lead Pipe
293
True or False: Vitrified Clay pipe is commonly used in used in
underground public
sewers, house sewers, and
house drains. They are commonly used for storm and sanitary sewer
installations.
True
294
True or False: Vitrified Clay pipe is commonly used in used in underground public sewers, house sewers, and house drains. They are commonly used for storm and sanitary sewer installations.
True
295
True or False: Vitrified Clay Pipes are treated with glaze and fired in large kilns under temperatures of 2500°F to make it impervious to moisture.
True
296
True or False: Vitrified Clay Pipes are treated with glaze and fired in large kilns under temperatures of 2500°F to make it impervious to moisture.
True
297
True or False: abestos cement pipes are manufactured in sizes ranging from 3 to 36 inches in diameter for pressures of 50 to 200 pounds.
True
298
It is composed of cement and asbestos fibers and formed under high pressure into a dense, tough material of good strength beand durability. This material offers excellent resistance to destructive elements, and its smooth inner surface promotes ease of flow.
Abestos Cement Pipes
299
It is composed of cement and asbestos fibers and formed under high pressure into a dense, tough material of good strength and durability. This material offers excellent resistance to destructive elements, and its smooth inner surface promotes ease of flow.
Abestos Cement Pipes
300
It is not subject to electrolytic action or to tuberculation (internal corrosion that increases friction
and impedes flow). However, this material is avoided in most plumbing applications due to the threats to human health asbestos poses.
Abestos Cement Pipe
301
True or False: Abestos cement pipe is avoided in
most plumbing applications due to the threats to human health asbestos poses.
True
302
True or False: Concrete pipes are mostly used for storm drainage applications but are sometimes used for water supply and sewage system installation.
True
303
2 classifications of concrete pipe
1. Reinforced Concrete Pipe
2. Non-reinforced concrete pipe
304
True or False: In concrete pipes, usually those with diameters more than 300 mm are reinforced
True
305
It is seldom used for water supply because of its cost and also because of the difficulties encountered in
making joints when this material
is used.
Block Tin
306
True or False: Since the block tin is
extremely soft, there is a real
danger that an inexperienced
plumber or pipefitter may permit the heat from the iron to destroy sections of the pipe.
True
307
This material has appeared in the market in quantities only sufficient to augment, in some sections, the limited supply of galvanized iron and copper pipe.
Aluminum Pipe
308
Two reasons why aluminum pipe is not extensively used
High cost; low resistance to chemical corrosion
309
Two reasons why aluminum pipe is not extensively used
High cost; low resistance to chemical corrosion
310
It can be claimed for sea water at a low cost tends to promote its use.
Magnesium pipe ; after Na, it is the most commonly found cation in oceans
311
True or False: The magnesium tube or anode, used in most water heaters counteracts electrolytic action and thus allows the precipitation of lime upon the inner walls of the tank.
False (does not allow precipitation)
