Module 1

Question 1

what is behavior analysis

Answer 1

science of behavior based upon the principle of learning and motivation studied extensively by psychologist B.F. Skinner

Question 2

why do we want to understand behavior

Answer 2

1. some behaviors are good
2. some behaviors are bad
3. as we grow we learn how to behave in better ways
4. sometimes we have difficulty learning new, good behaviors

Question 3

why do we have difficulty learning good behaviors

Answer 3

1. we may have barriers

2. the behaviors we see are not good

Question 4

if we understand why people behave the way they do we can

Answer 4

1. help learn positive behaviors

2. prevent people from learning bad behaviors

Question 5

understanding behavior allows us to () it

Answer 5

change

Question 6

the goal is to understand learning and motivation so we have to do three things

Answer 6

1. describe behavior
2. predict behavior
3. change behavior

Question 7

assumptions of behavior analysis

Answer 7

1. behavior follows predictable laws
2. behavior can be understood by studying how it interacts with the environment
3. importance of scientific experimentation, free from bias and opinion
4. all behavior should be observable and measurable

Question 8

environment

Answer 8

the collection of physical items and behavioral events that a person experience at a given time

Question 9

direct observation

Answer 9

allows us to measure actual behavior and gather evidence regarding what is happening

Question 10

applied behavior analysis stands for

Answer 10

ABA

Question 11

ABA define

Answer 11

the application of the principle of behavior to issues that are socially important, in order to produce practical change

Question 12

what does it mean to produce practical change

Answer 12

aba is the application of these principles of real life issues in order to change behaviors and improve lives

Question 13

socially significant issues

Answer 13

extinction, generalization, reinforcement

Question 14

how does aba work

Answer 14

1. changes behavior
2. applying behavioral principles to real life situations and behavior results in our ability to change behavior
3. individuals can learn new skills behave in more effective ways, replace problematic behaviors with ones that are more successful

Question 15

what is the core principle of aba

Answer 15

desirable consequences will increase behavior whereas undesirable consequences will decrease behavior

Question 16

behavior define

Answer 16

anything a person says or does

Question 17

behavior can be

Answer 17

public or private

Question 18

response define

Answer 18

a particular occurrence or instance of a behavior

Question 19

stimulus

Answer 19

any physical object or event that an individual can see, hear, smell, touch, taste

Question 20

a stimuli can be

Answer 20

public or private

Question 21

environment define in regards to stimuli

Answer 21

all events that affect the behavior of an organism public and private

Question 22

the three term contingency

Answer 22

the unit analysis used within ABA to understand to understand, predict and change behavior and the environment

Question 23

consist of 3 primary components

Answer 23

1. antecedent
2. behavior or response
3. consequence

Question 24

the ABC gives us information about behavior occurring

Answer 24

1. what triggers or events where the behavior occurs
2. what does behavior look like
3. what outcome is the behavior resulting in

Question 25

why behavior is occurring is called the () of the behavior

Answer 25

FUNCTION

Question 26

() is key in all conditioning and behavioral training

Answer 26

consistency

Question 27

what is autism

Answer 27

pervasive developmental disorder which significantly affects individuals across multiple areas of ability

Question 28

autism is () to () times more likely in boys than in girls

Answer 28

1. 4 | 2. 5

Question 29

1 in () individuals is diagnosed with ASD

Answer 29

68

Question 30

primary characteristics of ASD

Answer 30

1. baed on a spectrum 2. affects people across several different areas of ability 3. considered pervasive 4. meaning ASD, differs from other disorders, such as language delay or behavioral disorder, which are isolated to one developmental area

Question 31

there are three primary areas that are affected by ASD

Answer 31

1. problems with social communication 2. problems with social interactions 3. presence of restrictive or repetitive behaviors/interests

Question 32

problems with social communication

Answer 32

1. basic communication- wants and needs 2. conversational language-commenting and asking 3. complex social language-humor and sarcasm or non literal language

Question 33

problems with social interactions

Answer 33

1. basic social behavior-imitation, attending to others, sharing experiences 2. basic social interactions -reciprocating greetings, joining and maintaining play, making and sustaining peer relationships 3. non vocal gestures-eye contact, facial expressions,

Question 34

presence of restrictive or repetitive behaviors/interests

Answer 34

1. repetitive motor mannerisms/stereotypy: non-vocal behaviors such as body rocking, spinning pacing etc 2. repetitive vocal behaviors/steroetypy and routines-humming, echolalia 3. object fixation and manipulation-arranging items in lines, hoarding, repave manipulation of objects in non-functional ways 4. extreme need for sameness and routines-rigid adherence to rules, schedules routes, placement of items and roles 5. obsession with unusual topics of interest- narrow. interest in one or few ideas, themes, reluctance to shift from preferred interests

Question 35

criteria for asd

Answer 35

1. must be present before age 3 2. impact ability to function 3. must not be better explained by another diagnosis 4. severity in language or intellectual impairment

Question 36

characteristics of asd

Answer 36

1. hyper/hypo sensitivity to sensory stimuli 2. issues with motor skills and adapting 3. difficulties with academic and vocational 4. impairments in perspective taking and executive functioning

Question 37

pervasive skill deficits may result in

Answer 37

1. tantrums 2. aggression towards others or self 3. non compliance 4. eloping our running away

Question 38

goal of aba for people with asd

Answer 38

assist each learning to maximize his/her potential through individualized instruction and interventions

Question 39

lovaas 1987

Answer 39

1) used participants under age 4 with asd 2) two control with 21 kids receiving either 10 hours or no aba per week, 3) experimental group with 19 kids receiving 40 hurt a week at home with DTT, was addressing all areas affected, gradually transitioned into typical preschool, generalization of social skills 5) after two years 47% of the experimental group attend education, scored within normal IQ range 6) control groups only had 2% attending regular school and scoring normally

Question 40

mcechanin, smith and lovaas

Answer 40

participants from lovaas previous study were seen at 11 and experimental group maintained gains

Question 41

eikeseth 2007

Answer 41

1) investigated whether oder children could be helped by aba 4-7 years old 2) experimental group received 30 hours of aba per week 3) control received 30 hours special education placement per week using various approaches 4) experimental group did better on IQ and developmental gains 5) aba intervention can be helpful even later

Question 42

components of EIBI: early intensive behavioral intervention

Answer 42

1. treatment should begin early 2. can still be effective later 3. instruction with trained staff 4. 30-40 hours 5. intervention must be based on principle of behavior learning 6. increase desirable behavior, decrease challenging 7. individually tailored 8. modified based on response 9. all areas should be treated 10. focus on all areas of development 11. may start in home/clinic setting 12. should transition to school and community 13. key in aba 14. consistency 15. observe and model skills 16. practice with others 17. generally 2-3 years 18. depend on needs