Module 1 and 2

Question 1

Explain and predicts phenomena related to foundation, establishment, and growth of human society

Answer 1

Social Science

Question 2

Concerned with those basic elements of culture that
determine the general patterns of human behavior (Hunt and Colander, 2011)

Answer 2

Social Science

Question 3

Science seeking to uncover principles of behavior that
apply to all human communities

Answer 3

Anthropology

Question 4

Study of human beings and their ancestors

Answer 4

Anthropology

Question 5

Greek: antropos:______ , logos:________

Answer 5

human, study

Question 6

TRUE OR FALSE: Antrophology looks for a “culture universal” instead of “universtal culture

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

What are the branches of anthropology?

Answer 7

Physical anthropology and Cultural anthropology (archeology, antropological linguistics, ethnology)

Question 8

Also knowns as biological anthropology

Answer 8

Physical anthropology

Question 9

Humans emerged and evolved through time

Answer 9

Physical anthropology

Question 10

Human beings differ biologically

Answer 10

Physical anthropology

Question 11

Concerned with the differences in culture from time to time

Answer 11

Cultural anthropology

Question 12

Study of past cultures through material remains

Answer 12

Archaeology

Question 13

Study of the difference of languages among cultures and how it is constructed

Answer 13

Anthropological Linguistics

Question 14

Study of present cultures

Answer 14

Ethnology

Question 15

Study of governments, public policies and political processes, systems, and political behavior.

Answer 15

Political Science

Question 16

Application of political ideas and concepts for answering political phenomena.

Answer 16

Political theory

Question 17

Study of context of different political and government systems

Answer 17

Comparative Politics

Question 18

Study of political interactions between state and non-state actors

Answer 18

International Relations

Question 19

Study of various administrative schemes implemented by the government

Answer 19

Public Administration

Question 20

Scientific study of society and the behavior of people in the society

Answer 20

Sociology

Question 21

Study of relationships among people

Answer 21

Sociology

Question 22

Method of Study: “The Sociological Imagination” is conceptualized by whom?

Answer 22

C. Wright Mills (1959)

Question 23

Imagining the intersections of their life situations (biography)and the events in the society (history) as
interconnected and influences each other

Answer 23

Method of Study: “The Sociological Imagination”

Question 24

Converting personal issues into public issues

Answer 24

Method of Study: “The Sociological Imagination”

Question 25

What are the three theoretical perspectives in sociology?

Answer 25

Structural-functionalism, critical-historical (conflict theory), symbolic interaction

Question 26

Society as a system with parts and functions

Answer 26

Structural-functionalism

Question 27

Health of the system is defined by the parts performing their assigned tasks and working in coordination with other parts of the system

Answer 27

Structural-functionalism

Question 28

Functions are manifest (obvious) or latent (hidden)

Answer 28

Structural-functionalism

Question 29

Society as full of tensions and struggles between groups and individuals.

Answer 29

Conflict theory

Question 30

Society is constructed in favor of the powerful/wealthy over the powerless/poor.

Answer 30

Conflict theory

Question 31

Society as composed of social interactions

Answer 31

Symbolic-interaction

Question 32

Social interactions are governed by shared and co-created meanings made by the social actors in every interaction

Answer 32

Symbolic-interaction

Question 33

Shared meanings are lodged on objects, events, and persons and are seen as symbols, the interpretation of which shape and influence the emerging interactions

Answer 33

Symbolic-interaction

Question 34

Group of people sharing a common identity, culture, territory, and language who act together for collective survival and well-being

Answer 34

Society

Question 35

Organization that caters to a human’s need for belongingness in a group

Answer 35

Society

Question 36

Proponents of Structural-functionalism

Answer 36

Durkheim/Weber

Question 37

Proponent of conflict theory

Answer 37

Karl Marx

Question 38

Proponent of symbolic-interaction

Answer 38

Cooley/Mead

Question 39

Complex whole which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, attitudes, norms, knowledge and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society

Answer 39

Culture

Question 40

An organized body of conventional understandings manifest in art which persisting through tradition, characterizes a human group

Answer 40

Culture

Question 41

Everything that a person learns as a member of the society

Answer 41

Culture

Question 42

2 Components of Culture

Answer 42

Tangible/Material and Non-tangible/Immaterial

Question 43

Beliefs, values, norms, traditional skills and technologies

Answer 43

Non-tangible

Question 44

Provides physical space for culture

Answer 44

Tangible

Question 45

5 Characteristics of culture

Answer 45

1. Social 2. Varies in each society 3. Shared 4. Learned and transmitted 5. Continuous and cumulative

Question 46

* Product of behavior and of the society * Develops through social interaction * The experiences of other people are impressed on a person as he or she grows up

Answer 46

Culture is social

Question 47

Culture of each society is unique to itself due to the fact that it is a human product

Answer 47

Culture varies from society to society

Question 48

* Various members of a society commonly share ideas, activities and artifacts, making it socially and conventionally standardized * Shared culture provides order and meaning in interpreting behavioral patters of individuals in a society. * Transmission is not automatic but largely depends on the willingness of people to give and receive it.

Answer 48

Culture is shared.

Question 49

TRUE or FALSE: Culture is learned biologically instead of socially

Answer 49

FALSE

Question 50

* Learned socially rather than biologically * Handed to generations through the process of socialization and/or enculturation * Is bestowed in a cumulative fashion

Answer 50

Culture is learned and transmitted

Question 51

Culture exists as a continuous process, responsive to the changing conditions of the physical world

Answer 51

Culture is continuous and cumulative.

Question 52

4 Functions of culture

Answer 52

1. Defines situations 2. Defines attitudes, values, and goals 3. Defines behavioral patterns 4. Defines myths, legends, and supernatural

Question 53

Each culture has many subtle cues which define each situation

Answer 53

Culture defines situations.

Question 54

Attitudes, values, and goals are defined by the culture and the individual normally learns them as unconsciously as he or she learns the language

Answer 54

Culture defines attitudes, values, and goals.

Question 55

By approving certain goals and ridiculing others, the culture channels individual ambitions

Answer 55

Culture defines attitudes, values, and goals.

Question 56

Culture provides the individual with a ready-made view of the universe

Answer 56

Culture defines myths, legends, and the supernatural

Question 57

Culture imposes limits on humans and their activities

Answer 57

Culture provides behavioral patterns

Question 58

Need for order calls forth the need for culture to establish behavioral patterns so that disorderly behavior can be avoided

Answer 58

Culture provides behavioral patterns.

Question 59

Practice of comparing other cultural practices with those of one’s own and automatically finding those other cultural practices to be inferior

Answer 59

Ethnocentrism

Question 60

Who conceived ethnocentrism?

Answer 60

William Graham Sumner

Question 61

Functions of ethnocentrism

Answer 61

* Encourages group solidarity * Hinders the understanding or cooperation between groups

Question 62

Preference for the foreign

Answer 62

Xenocentrism

Question 63

Strong belief that one’s own products, styles, or ideas are inferior to those which originated elsewhere

Answer 63

Xenocentrism

Question 64

Fear of what is perceived as foreign or strange

Answer 64

Xenophobia

Question 65

Can be seen in the relations and perceptions of an in- group towards an out-group

Answer 65

Xenophobia

Question 66

Idea that all norms, beliefs and values are dependent of their cultural context.

Answer 66

Cultural Relativism