Module 1 and 2 skeletal system Flashcards
(22 cards)
It also known as cranial, towards the head and upper part of structure of the body above.
superior or cranial
It is also known as caudal and it is away from the head towards the lower part of the body; below
caudal or inferior
Towards the front of the body
Ventral or anterior
Is towards the back of the body; behind
Dorsal or posterior
It is toward the inner side of the body
Medial
Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of the body
Lateral
It means closer to the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Proximal
Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
Distal
towards the body surface
superficial or external
Away from the body surface
deep or internal
What are the two body cavities
ventral body cavity and dorsal body cavity
what cavities does the ventral body cavity has ?
*thoracic
*Abdominal
*Pelvic
What cavities does the dorsal cavity has ?
Cranial cavity
vertebral
What are the two types of ossification ?
Endochondral
Intramembranous
What is the difference between endochondral and intramembranous ossification ?
intramembranous is when ossification happens inside the membranes in bones such as the sternum and cranium and endochondral is when the ossification happens in the cartilage eg. long bones like the humerus, femur, radius and almost all bone below the skull.
What four cells take part in the remodeling and formation of bones
Stem cells- it is an osteogenic cell found in the one marrow
Osteoblast- is the bone builder
Osteocyte- is a mature one cells that monitor and maintain the bone matrix mineralised
Osteoclast- responsible for bone reabsorption
How does intramembranous ossification start?
1- Stem cells or mesenchyme cells cluster and differentiate into osteoblast forming an ossification center that produces the first trabeculae of spongy bone.
What do osteoblast do in intramembranous ossification ?
2.Osteoblast start to secrete osteoid which calcifies in a few days. Osteoblast get trapped and become osteocytes.
What gets formed after osteoid is calcifies ?
Accumulated osteoid is laid down between embryonic blood vessels creating a network of trabeculae called woven bone and becomes the periosteum.
what happens when periosteum thickens ?
Mature lamellar bone replaces them forming compact bone plates.
Is there spongy bone in intramembranous ?
Yes, it persist internally and its vascular tissue becomes red marrow.
What happen in the endochondral ossification at the beginning ?
there is the hyaline of cartilage and a bone collar forma around the hyaline model.