Module 1: Basic Sciences

Question 1

Role of Nervous System

Answer 1

Provide overall control of body function

Question 2

Three Subdivisions of the Nervous System

Answer 2

Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 3

Cells of the nervous system

Answer 3

Neurons

Question 4

What are neurons responsible for?

Answer 4

Conducting nerve impulses within the brain as well as from one part of the body to another

Question 5

Nerve’s threshold of stimulus

Answer 5

Action Potential

Question 6

A junction between two neurons

Answer 6

Synapse

Question 7

In its resting state the outside of the nerve membrane has what charge?

Answer 7

Positive

Question 8

A reversal of charge across the neuronal membrane caused by the movement of positively and negatively charged ions through ion channels

Answer 8

Depolarization

Question 9

Movement of the changing charge during depolarization

Answer 9

Wave of Depolarization

Question 10

How do local anesthetic exert their effects?

Answer 10

By interfering with the passage of Na+ ions through the ion channels and prevent depolarization with slowing or stopping of movement of the nerve impulse

Question 11

How do most of IV, inhalation, and local anesthetic drugs exert their effects?

Answer 11

Through alteration of nerve conduction by modification of the action of the neurotransmitter substances and/or alteration of the movement of ions through membrane channels

Question 12

The central nervous system is the

Answer 12

Overall control center of the body

Question 13

CNS consists of

Answer 13

Brain and spinal cord

Question 14

What are the components of the brain?

Answer 14

Cerebral cortex, core of the brain, cerebellum, and brain stem

Question 15

What is the cerebral cortex responsible for

Answer 15

Thought, learning, memory, consciousness, feeling of sensations, initiation of muscle movement

Question 16

The cerebellum is the coordinating center for

Answer 16

Sensory receptors and coordination of movement

Question 17

What does the brain stem consist of

Answer 17

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 18

The brain stem contains

Answer 18

Control centers for autonomic nervous system, reticular formation

Question 19

The pons has direct connections with the cerebellum and important for

Answer 19

Coordination of movement

Question 20

The medulla contains important centers for the control of

Answer 20

Blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, and digestion

Question 21

The peripheral nervous system consists of

Answer 21

Nerves that carry impulses away from the CNS to the various parts of the body and those that carry impulses from the periphery back to the CNS

Question 22

Nerves that conduct messages back to the CNS from receptors regarding the environment

Answer 22

Sensory Nerves

Question 23

Nerves that carry out a response formulated in the CNS to a muscle to initiate body movement

Answer 23

Motor Nerves

Question 24

What are the two components of the PNS

Answer 24

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Question 25

When performing surgery in the mouth under local anesthesia the OMS is primarily concerned with the?

Answer 25

Trigeminal nerve

Question 26

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 26

Ophthalmic Maxillary Mandibular

Question 27

What anesthetize all of the mandibular teeth, chin and lip on the same side, and with the lingual nerve, half of the tongue and the floor of the mouth

Answer 27

Mandibular Block

Question 28

What block anesthetizes the branches for the posterior portion of the maxillary alveolus

Answer 28

Posterior Superior Alveolar Block

Question 29

The posterior of the palate on either side is anesthetized with the

Answer 29

Greater Palatine Nerve Block

Question 30

The anterior part of the palate behind the anterior teeth is anesthetized by what block

Answer 30

Nasopalatine Nerve Block

Question 31

Regulates the internal organs and other functions that take place involuntarily

Answer 31

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 32

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 32

Regulates BP, heart rate, breathing, body temp, water balance, urinary bladder and digestive functions

Question 33

What are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 33

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 34

Which system is more dynamic and tends to speed up the processes?

Answer 34

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 35

Which system maintains the resting or vegetative state and tends to slow processes?

Answer 35

Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 36

Which part of the nervous system is important in maintaining BP?

Answer 36

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 37

The sympathetic nervous system exerts its effects through the action of what chemical substance?

Answer 37

Norepinephrine

Question 38

The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are often termed what?

Answer 38

Adrenergic

Question 39

The parasympathetic nervous system exerts its effects through the action of what chemical substance?

Answer 39

Acetylcholine

Question 40

The actions of the parasympathetic nervous system are often termed

Answer 40

Cholinergic

Question 41

What receptors play an essential role in regulation of BP

Answer 41

Baroreceptors