Module 1 - Bones and Joints of the Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

what are the three components of the hip bone

Answer 1

1. ilium
2. ischium
3. pubis

Question 2

list the 3 structural types of joints

Answer 2

1. fibrous
2. cartilaginous
3. synovial

Question 3

list the 3 functional classifications of a joint

Answer 3

1. synarthroses (immovable)
2. amphiarthoses (slightly moveable)
3. diarthoses (freely moveable)

Question 4

list the characteristics of a fibrous joint

Answer 4

• fibrous connective tissue

- no joint cavity

Question 5

list the characteristics of a cartilaginous joint

Answer 5

• articulating bones united by cartilage
• no joint cavity
• almost immovable

Question 6

list the key features of the synovial joint

Answer 6

• articular capsule
• synovial fluid
• reinforcing ligaments
• nerves and blood vessels

Question 7

list the additional features of a synovial joint

Answer 7

• fat pads

- articular discs (menisci)

Question 8

synovial joint feature - articular capsule

Answer 8

encloses joint cavity
2 layers:
1. external fibrous layer - strengthens joint
2. Inner synovial membrane - covers all joint surfaces that aren’t hyaline cartilage and makes synovial fluid

Question 9

function of synovial fluid

Answer 9

• fills space between joint capsule

- reduces friction between cartilage

Question 10

synovial joint feature - nerve and blood vessels

Answer 10

• supply of sensory neurons for proprioception and pain

- supply go blood for synovial membrane

Question 11

Additional features of Synovial Joints - Fat Pads

Answer 11

• provide extra cushioning (usually between fibrous layer and synovial membrane or bone)

Question 12

Additional features of Synovial Joints - Articular discs

Answer 12

fibrocartilage seperate articular surfaces and may divide joint cavity into 2

Question 13

what is Bursae

Answer 13

fibrous sacs of synovial fluid (for when ligaments rub together)

Question 14

What are tendon sheaths

Answer 14

elongated bursae that wrap around tendons to reduce friction

Question 15

List the 6 major types of synovial joints

Answer 15

1. plane
2. hinge
3. pivot
4. condylar
5. saddle
6. ball and socket

Question 16

example of plane joint

Answer 16

inter carpal joint

Question 17

example of hinge joint

Answer 17

knee joint

Question 18

example of pivot joint

Answer 18

radioulnar joint

Question 19

example of condylar joint

Answer 19

metacarpophalangeal joint (knuckle)

Question 20

example of saddle joint

Answer 20

carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Question 21

example of ball and socket joint

Answer 21

hip or shoulder joint

Question 22

describe rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 22

• autoimmune disease
• chronic joint inflammation
• female predominance
• swollen and painful joints eg hands and feet
• progressively worsens
• leads to joint deformity and loss of function

Question 23

describe osteoarthritis

Answer 23

• most common joint disorder
• usually a primary condition
• degeneration and loss of articular cartilage occurs with new bone formation
• unable to repair articular cartilage = bone spurs
• pain and deformity