Module 1 conditions

Question 1

Family- Centered Care

Answer 1

• Listen with empathy to understand needs & concerns
• Verbally acknowledge family priorities
• Make adaptations based on parent input
• Parents have veto power
• Parents have full participation in team

Question 2

What are the principles guiding OT?

Answer 2

-Client centered practice
 Client therapist collaboration
-Occupation centered practice
 Client’s meaningful occupation within their setting
-Evidence based practice
 Application of current research finding on evaluations &
intervention methods
-Culturally relevant practice
 Acknowledgement of occupations based on cultural norms and expectation

Question 3

What are the 3 essential elements of cultural competence?

Answer 3

3 essential elements
Self awareness of own competence
Knowledge of cultures Interactional skills sensitive to
cultures

Question 4

What is the ICF? The version an OT uses?

Answer 4

-International classification of
health interventions
-OTs own version of ICF = OT Practice Framework

Question 5

Name maternity complications that complicate pregnancy

Answer 5

• Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

- Maternal Diabetes Trauma & abuse

Question 6

Name obstetric complications that complicate pregnancy

Answer 6

Obstetric Conditions

• Preterm labor
• Preterm membrane rupture

Question 7

Name special conditions that complicate pregnancy

Answer 7

Special Conditions

• Abnormal placentation
• Multiple gestations
• Birth injury, defects

Question 8

Number of weeks for extremely pre-term?

Answer 8

less than 27 weeks

Question 9

Average birth weight?
LBW?
VLBW?
ELBW?

Answer 9

Average weight: >2500 grams
LBW: 1500-2500 grams
VLBW: 1000-1499 grams
ELBW:

Question 10

Prematurity?

Answer 10

27-37 weeks gestational age

Question 11

Define gestational age?

Answer 11

age of embryo/fetus

Question 12

AGA?
SGA?
LGA?

Answer 12

AGA = appropriate for GA 
SGA = small for GA
LGA = Large for GA

Question 13

Common signs and symptoms of prematurity

Answer 13

Plantar creases may be absent 
Eyes shut
Hypotonia
Poor physiological flexion 
Primitive reflexes may be absent
Communicate stress through behaviors

Question 14

Name 6 common problems associated with prematurity

Answer 14

• Respiratory Distress syndrome (RDS)
• Bronchiopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)
• Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH)
• Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL)
• Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
• Necrotizing entercolitis (NEC)

Question 15

Elaborate on RDS

Answer 15

-dependent on GA
-Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or nasal
canula

Question 16

Elaborate Bronchiopulmonary dysplasia (BPD):

Answer 16

development of lung damage from fluid and scar tissue (prolonged mechanical ventilation)

Question 17

Elaborate on IVH

Answer 17

bleed in the brain

Question 18

What is Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL) ?

Answer 18

softening of brain tissue around ventricles

Question 19

Define:Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

Answer 19

> 32 wks

Abnormal dvlp of eye blood vessels/ may damage retina

Question 20

Define:Necrotizing entercolitis (NEC)

Answer 20

-portion of intestines become necrotic as a result of lack of O2 and bacteria invasion
Short gut syndrome may occur

Question 21

Organic Sources for Failure to thrive?

Answer 21

Organic sources
Oral motor dysfunction
 Poor suck/swallow/breathe synchrony
 Disease processes; Developmental Delays 
Sensory dysfunction

Question 22

Non organic sources for failure to thrive?

Answer 22

Non organic sources
Parenting; neglect
Inappropriate feeding practices

Question 23

What is CP?

Answer 23

What is it?
A grouping of syndromes that affect movement,
tone, and coordination due to brain lesion/insult
Dependent on the area of brain affected

Question 24

Criteria for CP?

Answer 24

Criteria:
Injury occurs during development (pre, peri,post-natal); occurs prior to 2 years old
Non progressive
Sensorimotor development is always involved
Lifelong disability

Question 25

CP birth complications percentage

Answer 25

10% | hypoxema

Question 26

When the most damage CP

Answer 26

Most of the damage occurs prenatally (70%)

Question 27

When is CP detected?

Answer 27

Usually detected by 12-18 months

Question 28

What other causes of CP exists?

Answer 28

``` Others causes are unknown but present with risk factors…such as, Prematurity & LBW Parent age Environmental toxins Radiation damage Malnutrition ```

Question 29

CP incidence/prevalence?

Answer 29

Incidence/Prevalence | 1.5-4/1,000 births 8,000 diagnosed/year

Question 30

CP signs & symptoms

Answer 30

Signs & Symptoms Earliest indicator is muscle tone Hypertonicity/spasticity Hypotonicity Fluctuating tone

Question 31

What reflex abnormalities are associated CP?

Answer 31

``` Reflex Abnormalities -Upper Motor Neuron lesion  Hyperreflexia  Enhanced stretch reflex  Clonus, cogwheeling, leadpipe -Lower Motor Neuron Lesion  Hypotonia  areflexia ```

Question 32

CP signs symptoms: Postural abnormalities ? Delayed motor development? Atypical Motor Performance?

Answer 32

``` Signs & Symptoms -Postural Abnormalities Observed at rest Uncontrollable postural changes -Delayed Motor Development Milestones delayed (independent sitting) -Atypical Motor Performance Atypical crawling, hand use, reach, sucking, chewing, and swallowing ```

Question 33

Define hypertonia/hypertonic

Answer 33

Hypertonia/Hypertonic — increased muscle tone, | often resulting in very stiff limbs. Hypertonia is associated with spastic cerebral palsy.

Question 34

Define hypotonia/hypotonic

Answer 34

Hypotonia/Hypotonic — decreased muscle tone, | often resulting in loose, floppy limbs. Hypotonia is associated with non-spastic cerebral palsy

Question 35

Pyramidal or spastic

Answer 35

Pyramidal or spastic cerebral palsy (70%-80%) - pyramidal tract consists of two groups of nerve fibers responsible for voluntary movements. - descend from the cortex into the brain stem  - pyramidal tract is damaged or not functioning properly

Question 36

Extrapyramidal or non-spastic cerebral palsy

Answer 36

Extrapyramidal or non-spastic cerebral palsy  injury is outside the tract in areas such as the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellum.  Less likely to have mental impairment and seizures  Athetiod or dyskinetic (10%-20%)  Ataxia (5%-10%)