Module 1 definitions

Question 1

ATP

Answer 1

Adenosine triphosphate
Releases energy
Formed form molecule of ribose, adenine and 3 phosphate groups

Question 2

Amino acid

Answer 2

Monomers contain an amino group (NH2) a carboxylic group (COOH) and a variable R group that make up proteins
Protein monomer

Question 3

Benedicts test

Answer 3

Biochemical test used to test for reducing sugars that produces a different colour based on the amount of reducing sugar present
Brick red is positive
Must heat in a water bath

Question 4

Biuret test

Answer 4

Test for peptide bonds
Test for proteins
Turns purple if present

Question 5

Cellulose

Answer 5

Polysaccharide made of beta glucose that is used as a structural polysaccharide which provides strength to plant cell walls

Question 6

Condensation reaction

Answer 6

Type of reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water

Question 7

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer 7

Information storing molecule made of deoxyribonucleotide monomers joined together by phosphodiester bonds to form a double helix

Question 8

Dipeptide

Answer 8

Molecules formed by the condensation of 2 amino acids

Question 9

Disaccharide

Answer 9

Molecule formed by the condensation of 2 monosaccharides

Question 10

DNA helicase

Answer 10

Enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between 2 dna strands in the DNA molecule that is going to be replicated

Question 11

DNA polymerase

Answer 11

Enzyme that catalysts the condensation reactions between the new nucleotides in the synthesis of the new DNA strand

Question 12

Enzyme

Answer 12

Protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst and increases the rate of biochemical reactions

Question 13

Glycogen

Answer 13

Highly branched polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in humans and animals

Question 14

Glycosidic bond

Answer 14

Bond between 2 monosaccharides formed in a condensation reaction

Question 15

Heat capacity

Answer 15

Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius

Question 16

Hydrolysis

Answer 16

Breaking a chemical bond between 2 molecules using a water molecule, requires a catalyst

Question 17

Induced fit model

Answer 17

Model of enzyme action that describes how enzymes undergo subtle conformational changes to better fit the molecule

Question 18

Iodine test

Answer 18

Biochemical test used to test fir the presence if starch

Will turn blue black if positive

Question 19

Lactose

Answer 19

Disaccharide formed by the condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule

Question 20

Latent heat

Answer 20

Amount of energy required for a substance to change state

Question 21

Lipid emulsion test

Answer 21

Biochemical test that produces a cloud white ppt when performed on lipids

Question 22

Maltose

Answer 22

Disaccharide formed by the condensation of 2 glucose monomers

Question 23

Metabolite

Answer 23

Molecule formed or used in metabolic reactions

Question 24

Monomers

Answer 24

Smaller units from which larger molecules are made

Question 25

Monosaccharide

Answer 25

Individual sugar monomers from which larger carbohydrates are formed

Question 26

Phospholipid

Answer 26

Type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group

Question 27

Polymers

Answer 27

Molecules made form a large number of monomers joined together

Question 28

Polypeptide

Answer 28

Molecules formed by the condensation of many amino acids

Question 29

Polysaccharide

Answer 29

Molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides

Question 30

Primary structure

Answer 30

Individual sequence of amino acids in a protein

Question 31

Quaternary structure

Answer 31

Structure only applicable to proteins with multiple polypeptide chain,may contain prosthetic groups

Question 32

Ribonucleic acid

Answer 32

Relatively short molecule made of rubonucleotide monomers joined by phopshodiester bonds

Question 33

Secondary structure

Answer 33

Local interactions of amino acids in the polypeptide chain Alpha helix Beta pleated sheets

Question 34

Semi conservative replication

Answer 34

Production of 2 daughter dna molecules from one dna molecule which both contain one original dna strand and one newly synthesized strand

Question 35

Solvent

Answer 35

Substance which other solutes are dissolved in

Question 36

Starch

Answer 36

Polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in plants

Question 37

Sucrose

Answer 37

Disaccharide formed by the condensation of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule

Question 38

Tertiary structure

Answer 38

Way the protein folds to produce a specific 3D structure | Held together by ionic, hydrogen and disulfide bonds

Question 39

Triglyceride

Answer 39

Type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol and 3 molecules of fatty acids