Module 2 definitions

Question 1

Active immunity

Answer 1

Form of immunity provided by the immune response of the body upon detection of a pathogen

Question 2

Active transport

Answer 2

Active movement of substance from a low concentration to a high concentration against the concentration gradient with the use of ATP

Question 3

Agglutination

Answer 3

Clumping together of cells or particles caused by antibodies that assist phagocytosis

Question 4

Antigen

Answer 4

Marker molecules that can be detected by antibodies and trigger an immune response

Question 5

Binary fission

Answer 5

Method of cell division used by prokaryotes involving the replication of circular dna and plasmids followed by cytoplasmic division

Question 6

Cell cycle

Answer 6

Series of stages preparing the cell for division consisting of interphase and mitosis

Question 7

Cell-surface membrane

Answer 7

Phospholipid bilayer studded with proteins that surrounds the cells and separates them form their environment

Question 8

Cell vacuole

Answer 8

Membrane bound structure foud in plant cells that contains cell sap

Question 9

Cell wall

Answer 9

Permeable layer that surrounds plant, algae, and fungi cells made of polysaccharides which provide strength to the cell

Question 10

Chloroplast

Answer 10

Organelle found in plants and algae that is the site of photosynthesis

Question 11

Colonal expansion

Answer 11

Production of many genetically identical daughter cells through cell division of the activated B or T lymphocyte after cloak selection

Question 12

Colonal selection

Answer 12

Process of matching the antigens on an antigen presenting cell with the antigen receptors on B and T lymphocytes

Question 13

Co-transport

Answer 13

Method of membrane transport where 2 substances are both transported across a membrane at the same time either in the same direction or opposite directions

Question 14

Cytokinesis

Answer 14

Division of the cytoplasm to produce 2 new cells

Question 15

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 15

Passive movement of substances from a high concentration to a lower concentration down the concentration gradient through transport proteins without the use of energy

Question 16

Flagella

Answer 16

Whip like structure found n bacterial cells used for movement

Question 17

Fluid-mosaic model

Answer 17

Model that describes membrane structure as a sea of mobile phospholipids studded with various proteins

Question 18

Golgi apparatus

Answer 18

Organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is involved in the modification and packaging of proteins

Question 19

Helper T cell

Answer 19

Type of T cell in the immune system that stimulates cytotoxic T cells, B cells and phagocytes

Question 20

Herd immunity

Answer 20

Type of disease immunity that occurs when a large proportion of people are vaccinated against a disease which prevents the spread of the disease to unvaccinated individuals

Question 21

Human immunodeficiency virus

Answer 21

Virus that attacks T cells in the immune system and can lead to aids

Question 22

Lysosomes

Answer 22

Membrane-bound vesicles found in the cytoplasm that contain a hydrolysis enzyme called lyzozyme

Question 23

Magnification

Answer 23

The enlargement of the size of the physical appearance of the image/object

Question 24

Mitochondrion

Answer 24

Organelle found in eukaryotic cells

Site of aerobic respiratino

Question 25

Mitosis

Answer 25

Part of the cell cycle in which a eukaryotic cell divides to produce 2 daughter cells, identical copies of dna in each

Question 26

Monoclonal antibodies

Answer 26

Identical antibodies that have been produced by an immune cell that has been cloned from a parent cell

Question 27

Nucleus

Answer 27

Organelle found in eukaryotic cells that stores the genetic information of the cell as chromosomes and is surrounded by a membrane called the nuclear envelope

Question 28

Osmosis

Answer 28

Passive diffusion of water molecules from a regio of high water potential to a region of lower water potential through a selectively permeable membrane without the use of energy

Question 29

Passive immunity

Answer 29

Form of immunity provided by the introduction of antibodies to a disease in the body

Question 30

Phagocytosis

Answer 30

Process where phagoctyes engulf and destroy material

Question 31

Plasmids

Answer 31

Circular loop of dna found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells

Question 32

Primary immune response

Answer 32

Response produced by the immune system when it encounters a pathogen for the first time

Question 33

Resolution

Answer 33

the minimum distance apart 2 objects can be to still appear as 2 separate objects

Question 34

Ribosomes

Answer 34

Organelles found either free in the cytoplasm or membrane bound that are involved in the synthesis of proteins

Question 35

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 35

Membrane bound organelle that is involved in the synthesis and packing of proteins

Question 36

Secondary immune syste m

Answer 36

Response produced by the immune system when it recognizes a pathogen it has encountered before

Question 37

Simple diffusion

Answer 37

Passive movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down the concentration gradient without the use of energy

Question 38

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 38

Membrane bound organelle involved in lipid synthesis

Question 39

Vaccine

Answer 39

Introduction of dead or active pathogens (antigens) to stimulate an immune response and provide long term immunity