Module 1- Disease State

Question 1

In 2018, there were an estimated __________ men living with prostate cancer in the United States?

Answer 1

3,245,430

Question 2

In 2021, it was estimated that ________ men died from prostate cancer, representing ________% of all cancer deaths?

Answer 2

34,130, 5.6%

Question 3

The rate of new cases of prostate cancer was ___ per 100,000 men per year based on 2014-2018 data.

Answer 3

19

Question 4

The __________ prostate cancer is diagnosed, the better the chance a person has of surviving 5 years after being diagnosed?

Answer 4

earlier

Question 5

The median age at diagnosis for men with prostate cancer is __?

Answer 5

66

Question 6

Prostate cancer occurs most often in which race/ethnicity?

Answer 6

African American

Question 7

The risk of developing prostate cancer is higher for men who ____ ____ ____ _____ ___ ____ ____.

Answer 7

Have severeal relatives affected by prostate cancer.

Question 8

Mutations in genes such as _______, _________, and _________ have been linked to increased risk of prostate cancer.

Answer 8

BRCA1, BRCA2, HOXB13

Question 9

Accounts for 70% of the prostate. This region also gives rise to 70% of prostate cancers.

Answer 9

Peripheral Zone

Question 10

Surrounds the ejaculatory ducts and accounts for 25% of the prostate. About 1-5% of all prostate cancers develop here?

Answer 10

Central Zone

Question 11

Accounts for approximately 5-10% of the prostate and is located near the urethra. This zone gives rise to up to 2% of all prostate cancers?

Answer 11

Transition Zone

Question 12

The prostate is a sex accessory gland found only in _____?

Answer 12

Men

Question 13

Where is the prostate located?

Answer 13

Below the bladder and in front of the rectum.

Question 14

The prostate requires ________ called angrogens for normal development and growth?

Answer 14

Hormones

Question 15

For androgens in the body, the ______ produce 90%, while the ____ produce 5-10%?

Answer 15

Testes/Adrenal Glands

Question 16

Whom is the first doctor usually seen when a patient experiences symptoms such as trouble urinating?

Answer 16

PCP

Question 17

Early stages of prostate cancer are typically _________.

Answer 17

Asymptomatic

Question 18

Problems with urination are often associated with ____-________ conditions of the prostate, such as beign prostatic hyperplasia.

Answer 18

Non-Cancerous

Question 19

Sometimes, physicans will calculate PSA to measure ______ __ _____ in PSA levels over time.

Answer 19

Rate- of- Change

Question 20

In 2018 the USPSTF changed the rating on PSA screening to recommend that for men aged 55-69, screening be based on individualized decision making after __________ _____ ___ ________.

Answer 20

Discussion with a clinician.

Question 21

When prostate cancer develops, the PSA level is usually greater than _____?

Answer 21

4 ng/ML

Question 22

A procedure in which small samples of the prostate are removed & examined under a microscope is called?

Answer 22

Prostate Biopsy

Question 23

5 Year Relative Survivial Rate

Answer 23

97.5%

Question 24

10 Year Relative Survival Rate

Answer 24

98%

Question 25

15 Year Relative Survival Rate

Answer 25

95%

Question 26

Men with first degree relatives have a risk level of _____?

Answer 26

21%

Question 27

PSA Velocity

Answer 27

Rate of Change Over Time

Question 28

DRE Purpose

Answer 28

Physician digitally goes in to detect lumps and bumps in back part of prostate gland. Doesn't detect early cancers.

Question 29

What factors affect treatment options?

Answer 29

Age, health, life expectancy, severity of disease.

Question 30

Active Surveillance

Answer 30

When cancer isn't aggressive and there are low chances of progression. PSA screening and DRE every 6 months, along w/ yearly biopsy.

Question 31

Major Side Effects of Radical Prostatectomy?

Answer 31

ED, Urinary Incontinence

Question 32

2 Treatment Options for Advanced Prostate Cancer

Answer 32

ADT (Androgen Deprivation Therapy), or Bilateral Ochiectomy

Question 33

Side Effects of Hormone Therapy?

Answer 33

Weight gain, developing breast tissue, low libido, ED, shrinking of testicles and penis, hot flashes and breast tenderness.

Question 34

MCSPC

Answer 34

Metastasized Castration Sensitive Prostate Cancer

Question 35

CRPC

Answer 35

Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer

Question 36

MCRPC

Answer 36

Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer

Question 37

If the Gleason Score is written as 4+3=7, what does the 4 represent?

Answer 37

The rating of the most predominant cancer cell in the tumor.

Question 38

Which of the following are imaging tests performed to determine is prostate cancer has spread?

Answer 38

CT Scan, Bone scan and MRI

Question 39

In the AJCC TNM staging system, what does the M represent?

Answer 39

Metastasized

Question 40

Watchful waiting is used for monitoring?

Answer 40

Disease progression of elderly prostate cancer patients whose co-morbities make other treatment options more dangerous.

Question 41

Surgery is a common treatment with the intention to cure prostate cancer when?

Answer 41

When the prostate cancer is localized to just the prostate gland.

Question 42

2 main types of _________ therapy used for prostate cancer are external beam radiation therapy and ________?

Answer 42

Raditation/brachytherapy

Question 43

The goal of ________ therapy is to reduce androgen levels in the body, or stop them from stimulating prostate cancer cells?

Answer 43

ADT (Androgen Deprivation Therapy)

Question 44

The side effects of chemotherapy depend on the _______ and the _______ of drugs given and how long they're taken?

Answer 44

type/dose

Question 45

Which treatments are considered Androgen Receptor Inhibitors?

Answer 45

Enzaltamide, Apalutamide and Darolutadmide

Question 46

Which are treatments for Osteoporosis?

Answer 46

Bisphosphonates and Denosumab

Question 47

Which therapy is typically started for advanced prostate cancer and continues through end of life?

Answer 47

Hormonal therapy

Question 48

What is the major circulating androgen in the body (males)?

Answer 48

Testosterone

Question 49

Explain the HPG Axis

Answer 49

The hypothalumus stimulates the pituitary gland with GnRH causing the release of FSH and LH to the testes where is makes sperm and testosterone.

Question 50

What are the severities of prostate cancer?

Answer 50

1) Localized 2) Locally Advanced and 3) Advanced