module 1 ecology

Question 1

Ecology

Answer 1

A broad field of Scientific inquiry that focuses on: Interactions between organisms & their abiotic environments
Effects of these interactions on their distribution & abundance.

Question 2

Ecology is

Answer 2

inherently INTERDISCIPLINARY , integrating many seemingly diffuse fields such as:
Biology Sociology
Mathematics Geology
Physics Architecture
Chemistry Economics

Question 3

who coined the term ecology

Answer 3

ernst Haeckel

Question 4

Ecology is the study of

Answer 4

interactions between organisms and their environments

Question 5

Economy of Nature

Answer 5

The investigation of the total relationships of the animal both to its inorganic and organic environment

Including its friendly & inimical relations with those animals & plants with which it comes directly or indirectly into contact

Question 6

Evolution and Ecology

Answer 6

Natural Systems are formed through Evolution

Question 7

Charles Darwin

Answer 7

• On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
• Derived from Observation
• Species change to better fit their environment

Question 8

Stephen A. Forbes

Answer 8

look at entire environment instead of one fish species to understand all of fish species

Question 9

Aldo Leopold

Answer 9

PROPER WAY TO MANAGE AREAS for healthy POPULATION

Question 10

Eugene Odum

Answer 10

Look at Energy and nutrients it is the currency of ecosystem function

Question 11

John Muir

Answer 11

prevent damn, fight for conservation of natural reservation

Question 12

Theodore Roosevelt

Answer 12

parks preserved

Question 13

Henry David Thoreau

Answer 13

waldo pond experiences

value nature

Question 14

Rachel Carson

Answer 14

one of the first people to realize the global dangers of pesticide abuse (DDT). Wrote Silent Spring. Scientiest responsible

Question 15

Environment

made up of what

Answer 15

is the stuff around every level that influences its properties and dynamics.

made up of two things
abiotic biotic environment

Question 16

Ecosystem is a collection

Answer 16

of parts that function as a unit

Question 17

biotic

Answer 17

living components

Question 18

abiotic

Answer 18

nonliving (physical & chemical) components

Question 19

Nutrient Cycling

Answer 19

Dynamic System & REPLENISHMENT helps maintain Nutrients as well Replenished Nutrients More Deaths More Nutrients returned to Soil

Question 20

Multiple levels of organization:
populations
communities
ecosystems
landscape
biomes
biosphere

Answer 20

Organisms
Populations- group of individuals of the same species that occupy a given area
Communities-populations of diff. species living and interacting with an ecosystems
Ecosystems-collected of related parts that function as a unit
Landscape-area of land composed of communities and ecosystems
Biomes- broad-scale regions
Biosphere-thin layer around earth

Question 21

order of scientific method

Answer 21

Observation
question
Hypothesis
prediction
hypothesis testing & Repeat
Theory
Law

Question 22

Observation

Answer 22

Form a question based on that observation

Question 23

questioning

Answer 23

Based on: Observations Natural History Behaviors Plants Animals
- Apparent Patterns -Curiosity

Question 24

Hypothesis

Answer 24

An educated guess about what the answer to the question might be
this is a statement of cause and effect that can be tested

Question 25

Experiment

Answer 25

Unlike field study, one factor can be examined at a time Other factors are Controlled Held constant so only independent can cause change

Question 26

Field experiment

Answer 26

Allows investigator to manipulate one condition in a field setting Take a single large field, subdivide it into plots Add nitrogen to some plots and not others controlling the independent variable Measure plant growth on all of the plots (dependent variable). experiment site must vary minimally in other factors

Question 27

Laboratory experiment

Answer 27

Allows investigator greater control over the experimental conditions Grow the grasses in a greenhouse temperature, soil moisture, and soil acidity can be kept constant investigate only the effect of nitrogen availability But . . . Greenhouse conditions are different than those in a field Response may be different than in a field environment

Question 28

A model is

Answer 28

An abstract, simplified REPRESENTATION OF A REAL SYSTEM Developed from results of observations and experiments Can be descriptive (qualitative) or mathematical (quantitative

Question 29

Natural World

Answer 29

appears to be Chaotic

Question 30

Physical Constants

Answer 30

What goes up must come down | Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed

Question 31

Systems are ever changing

Answer 31

Cells, Individuals, species, populations under constant flux | Rate of Change important

Question 32

Uncertainty is Inherent in Science

Answer 32

The SCIENTIFIC METHOD IS A CONTINUOUS PROCESS. Testing and correcting explanations Refine our understanding of the world around us Usually simplify the system being studied in order to establish cause and effect As a result, only part of the picture is seen

Question 33

Natural History

Answer 33

Basis of All Ecological Study | The natural development of organism over a period of time

Question 34

physiological ecology

Answer 34

physiological- responses to temp, light, other environment conditions

Question 35

ecosystem ecology

Answer 35

ecosystem ecology-abiotic biotic world

Question 36

community ecology

Answer 36

community ecology-diversity

Question 37

population ecology

Answer 37

population ecology-pop growth death birth

Question 38

evolutionary ecology

Answer 38

evolutionary ecology-natural selection, adaptation

Question 39

landscape ecology

Answer 39

landscape ecology-land, spatial process

Question 40

conservation ecology

Answer 40

conservation ecology- maintance of biological diversity

Question 41

restoration ecology

Answer 41

restoration ecology- restoration manage disturbed lands

Question 42

applied ecology

Answer 42

applied ecology-all ecology applied to real world