Module 1 Finance and Administration of Airports Flashcards
(28 cards)
General aviation reliever
Open to public; 100 or more based aircraft, 25,000 or more annual itinerant operations
General aviaiton airport categories
National, no heliports or seaplane bases;avg ~200 total based aircraft
Regional, no heliports or seaplane bases; avg ~ 90 total based aircraft
Local, no heliports but 4 seaplane bases; avg ~33 total based aircraft
Basic, 3 heliports and 20 seaplane bases;
Unclassified.
Difference between military Shared- and Joint-Use Airports
Joint-use: the military owns the airport and leases out an area of land for civilian flight operations;
Shared-use: A civilian entity usually owns the property
Private flight operations under which regulation?
Title 14 CRF Part 91
Title 14 CFR (Codes of Federal Regulations) = FAR (Federal Aviation Regulations)
What are FAR Part 91, 119, 121, 125, 135, 139, 380?
Part 91: private flight;
Part 119: commercial flight operations;
Part 121: commercial scheduled flight, must operate at Part 139 airports
Part 135: commercial commuter and on-demand (non-scheduled) operations (air charter or air taxi);
Part 380: public charter (lease planes to vacation company);
Part 125: corporate shuttle flying (>20 seats or max payload >=6,000 lbs); if <=19 seats or < 6000 lbs -> under Part 91
Visual Flight Rules (VFR)
Cloud ceiling at least 1,000 feet above ground level and forward visibility is 3 or more miles straight (“1000 and 3”), under 18,000 feet Mean Sea Level
What is a flight plan?
Pilot’s entity, type of plane, number of people on board, point of departure and intended arrival, estimated time of arrival.
Pilot of VFR oper must “close” flight plan upon arrivalm or FAA may begin a search and rescue (SAR) mission.
NPIAS (National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems) - How often is it published and how long projected?
Published every two years and projected in 5 years.
Airports in the NPIAS:
- must be publicly accessible
- more than 2500 enplanements annually or a qualified GA airport
- General Aviation Reliever Airports, Army or Air Guard Bases, airports with a postal contract
- airports with 10 or more based aircraft, within 200 miles from the nearest NPIAS airport
Total U.S. Faciliites: 19,853 (2023)
Difference between Local Operation and Itinerant Operation
Local operation remains in the local traffic pattern, operates within 20-mile radius of the tower
Itinerant operation is either performed under IFR, VFR or special VFR, lands at an airport, arriving or leaving outside the airport area
5 types of airports in the US
-Commercial service: 2500+ enplanements, 10,000 enplanements = primary commercial service airport;
- General Aviation: national, regional, local, basic, unclassified
- Cargo service
- Military: All military, joint use, shared use
- Private: not regulated, not funded by FAA unless they are publicly accessible
Commercial Service Airport
Classified by the number of enplanements
Large:1% U.S. traffic
Medium: 0.25% ~1%
Small: 0.05% ~ 0.25%
Non-hub: less than 0.05% but more than 10,000 enplanements
Non-primary:2,500 ~ 9,999 enplanements
Highways in the sky
IFR either uses Victor Airways below 18,000 feet or Jet Routes above 18,000 feet
VFR operation uses sectional charts and do not follow Victor Airways to avoid conflict with IFR aircraft
Flight Operations
Under Title 14 CRF Part 91.103, pilot in command should prepare:
- Reference the Chart Supplements
- Check weather
- Check Notices to Air Missions (NOTAMS)
- Compute aircraft’s weight and balance and aircraft performance
- Follow regul1atory requirements and Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)
- Flight dispatchers “do the math” for the airlines
What is TERPS
Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) are essentially maps for pilots on Instrument Flight Plans.
What are three approaches?
Visual: approved to use when ceiling is 1,000 feet or greater, and visibility is 3 statue miles or greater.
Non-precision: navigational aids that provide lateral positioning information. (2D, no altitude)
Precision: navigational aids that provide lateral and vertical positioning information. (Glide slope information)
Precision Approach Categories
Minimum descent altitude (decision height) and visibility minimums are determined by the category of instrument approach.
CAT I: least accurate
CAT II
CAT III a, b, c
Airport management’s primary duty
Safe, secure and efficient
Airport executive (aka airport director, CEO, director of aviation) is expected to understand what opposing philosophies?
The airport is both a public utility and a business enterprise.
Significant airport related regulations
Title 14 CFR Part 77: Safe, Efficient Use and Preservation of the Navigable Airspace (obstruction)
Title 14 CFR Part 139: Airport Certification
Title 14 CFR Part 150: Airport Noise and Compatibility Planning
Title 49 CFR Part 1542 Airport Security
Title 14 CFR Part 91 Airport Operating Rules (Private)
Title 14 CFR Part 121 Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag and Supplemental Air Carrier Operations (i.e., scheduled air carriers)
Title 14 CFR Part 135: Operating Requirements: Commuter and On Demand Operations (i.e., charter operations)
Airport District Office
ADO manages the Airport Improvement Program (AIP), oversees compliance with Part 139 and conducts Alternative Dispute Resolution.
Regulatory Enforcement and Guidance
FAA Advisory Circulars: provide guidance and information on a designated subject area; explain the intent of a federal regulation, show an acceptable method of compliance: may be required if “incorporated by reference”.
FAA Orders: Directive on specific subjects and programs issued by the FAA: provide guidance and instructions to FAA personnel on compliance, operations, and other issues.
ACRP: best practices for many airport management, planning and operational issues.
FAA: Sponsor (Grant) Assurance: the Hidden Regulations.
Airport Sponsor promises that the airport will be kept open and properly maintained, operated and managed.
Sponsor Assurances
- Protect the airport from its sponsor
- Ensure money goes to Airport
- Promote government programs
Duration: 20 years for CIP (resets everything receiving money)
Diff between Title 14 CFR Part 13 Investigation and Enforcement
and
Title 14 CFR Part 16 Compliant
Part 13: the informal compliant
The FAA might issue a notice of apparent noncompliance.
Part 16: the formal process (major violations; unresolved Part 13)
- The FAA will reject the compliant for failing to make a good-faith-effort. A Part 13 typically fulfills this requirement.
- The local ADO (Airport District Office) is skipped in a Part 16.
Consequences that FAA rules against the Airport
- Withhold future grant money
- Terminate payments on existing grant
- Terminate your ability to collect Passenger Facility Charges
- Issue cease & desist orders
- Charge civil penalties (up to 50.000 fine)
Note: many grant assurance violins result from issues involving economic nondiscrimination, i.e. restricting business.
