Module 1 - Fluids, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
(136 cards)
Total body water is __ % of total body weight
60
Intracellular fluid is __% of total body water
67
Extracellular fluid is __% of total body water
33
Plasma is ___% total body water
6.6
Interstitial fluid is ___% of total body water
26.4
Plasma and interstitial fluid make up ??
extracellular fluid
What is blood plasma?
Yellow liquid component of blood that suspends whole blood cells, proteins, glucose, clotting factors, electrolytes, hormones and CO2
What is blood serum?
Blood plasma WITHOUT the clotting factors (fibrinogen, prothrombin)
Na+ and Cl- are high _____ of the cell
outside
K+ is high _____ the cell
inside
Why are fluids important?
- To maintain homeostasis (euvolemia)
- To replenish the fluids lost through normal physiologic activities
What are insensible losses? Examples?
Losses we can’t see or measure:
- perspiration
- respiration
What are sensible losses?
Examples?
Losses we can see and measure:
- urination
- feces
- wound drainage
- GI losses
To maintain fluid balance, the average person requires ________mL of water per day
2000-3000
Hypertonic
[solute] > serum
*draws fluid out of the cell and into the intravascular space
Isotonic
[solute] = serum
*fluid stays in the intravascular space
Hypotonic
[solute] < serum
*fluid shifts out of the intravascular space and into the cell
Hypertonic solution is __% NaCl
3% NaCl (513 mmol/L)
Isotonic solution is __% NaCl
0.9% NaCl (154 mmol/L)
Hypotonic solution is __% NaCl
0.45% NaCl (77 mmol/L)
Serum contains ______ mmol/L of Na+
145
See slide 9 for calculating serum osmolality
ok
Why do we care about calculating serum osmolality?
- Highly concentrated solutions are irritating to veins (phlebitis) or can damage tissue
- Depending on concentration, may require central line access (a larger vessel)
Replacing fluids:
Resuscitation
patient is clearly volume depleted