Module 1 Growth of Early Settlements Flashcards
(29 cards)
What were the primary motivations for settlement in Jamestown and New England?
Jamestown was primarily an economic venture, while New England centered around religious practice.
Economic prosperity was also a consideration for the northern colonies, particularly Massachusetts Bay.
What factors contributed to the high mortality rate in early Jamestown?
Disease, poor sanitation, and Indian attacks contributed to the high mortality rate.
Only 38 of the original 104 colonists survived the first winter.
What was the established religion of Virginia during the early colonial period?
Anglicanism (Church of England) was the established religion of Virginia.
The church received support from the colonial government, and attendance was mandatory.
What was the Virginia General Assembly?
The Virginia General Assembly was established in 1619 and included the Virginia House of Burgesses and the Governor’s Council.
It was the first representative assembly in the New World.
What significant event occurred in 1622 involving Native Americans and the Virginia colony?
Opechancanough led a surprise attack that killed 347 colonists in a single day.
This was a turning point in relations with Native Americans.
What crop became the primary economic driver for Virginia?
Tobacco became the primary economic driver for Virginia.
John Rolfe planted tobacco seeds from the Caribbean in 1612.
What system was instituted to address labor shortages in tobacco cultivation?
The headright system was instituted to address labor shortages.
Settlers received fifty acres of land for each paid settler they brought.
What was Bacon’s Rebellion?
Bacon’s Rebellion was an uprising in 1675 led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley over issues of governance and Native American relations.
It ended with the burning of Jamestown.
When did the first people of African descent arrive in Virginia?
The first people of African descent arrived in Virginia in 1619 on a Portuguese trading ship.
Their status as slaves or indentured servants is unclear.
What was the established church in Massachusetts, and how did it influence governance?
The established church in Massachusetts was Congregationalism, which influenced governance by regulating public and private life.
Taxes funded ministers’ salaries, and church attendance was mandatory.
Who was Anne Hutchinson, and what was she known for?
Anne Hutchinson was known for her trial in 1637 for her theological views that challenged the Puritan leadership.
She emphasized personal relationships with God over reliance on ministers.
What was the Pequot War, and what was its significance?
The Pequot War was a conflict in 1637 between the colonists and the Pequot tribe, marking a significant decline in the native population.
It shifted the balance of power in favor of the English colonies.
Fill in the blank: The _______ system was a legal grant of land to settlers in Virginia.
headright
True or False: Only full members of the local church could vote in Massachusetts.
True
What was the significant effect of the Pequot War?
The balance of power shifted from the populous but unorganized natives to the English colonies.
This change meant there was no combination of Indian tribes that could seriously threaten the English until King Philip’s War.
What was the main cause of King Philip’s War?
Colonist’s greed for more land at the expense of local native populations.
Metacom (King Philip) was the son of Massasoit, a native ally of the Pilgrims.
What happened to the native population as a result of King Philip’s War?
Many were sold into slavery and forced into servitude under English families.
The Wampanoag tribe lost their ability to self-govern and had to adapt their customs.
During what years did the Salem Witch Trials take place?
February 1692 to May 1693.
Twenty people were executed, and over two hundred were imprisoned on charges of witchcraft.
What was the role of Tituba in the Salem Witch Trials?
Tituba confessed to witchcraft and implicated other women.
She made a witch cake to cure the girls exhibiting strange fits.
What type of evidence was significant in condemning many accused during the Salem Witch Trials?
Spectral evidence.
This involved personal testimony that a person’s spirit appeared to the afflicted.
What was Increase Mather’s position on spectral evidence?
He called for the exclusion of spectral evidence in witchcraft trials.
He believed it was better for ten suspected witches to escape than to condemn one innocent person.
What were the primary exports of New England?
- Fish
- Lumber
- Tar
- Pitch
Shipping and merchant ventures became the economic basis for the New England colonies.
How did inheritance practices differ between Virginia and New England?
In Virginia, primogeniture was practiced; in New England, farms were divided equally among siblings.
This led to smaller farms in New England compared to large plantations in Virginia.
What was the primary source of labor in New England?
Indentured servants and apprentices.
There were instances of slavery, but it was not as prevalent as in the southern colonies.
