Module 1 The Renaissance & Exploration Flashcards
(36 cards)
What social, economic, and political factors in Europe made people begin exploring across the ocean?
Factors included:
* Steady population growth after 1450
* Increased demand for land
* Rising prices and rents
* Development of new business methods
* Growth of commercial revolution
* Need to bypass Ottoman and Venetian control of Eastern trade
What developments contributed to the Age of Discovery?
Key developments included:
* Advances in maritime technology
* The invention of the movable-type printing press
* The Renaissance fostering a spirit of inquiry
* The development of the caravel and navigational tools like the compass and astrolabe
How did the state of religion in Europe impact the race to colonize the New World?
Religious changes spurred exploration due to:
* Fear of Islamic influence
* The Protestant Reformation leading to rivalries
* The desire to spread Christianity and forge alliances against Islam
Who were the first explorers of the Americas, and what did they find there?
The first explorers included:
* Christopher Columbus, who found the Bahamas and Cuba
* Amerigo Vespucci, who recognized the lands were not Asia but a New World
How and why did European nations compete for lands in the New World?
Competition arose due to:
* The Treaty of Tordesillas
* National pride and glory
* The race to claim territories and establish trade routes
Which European nations settled in the New World, and where were their primary spheres of control?
European nations included:
* Spain: controlled the Caribbean, Mexico, and parts of South America
* Portugal: claimed Brazil and parts of Africa
* England and France: later established territories in North America
What was the consequence of the fall of Constantinople in 1453?
The fall hampered European trade and expansion with the East, necessitating new trade routes that bypassed North Africa and the Near East
What role did Ferdinand and Isabella play in the Age of Discovery?
They centralized power in Spain and commissioned Columbus for exploration, leading to the discovery of the New World
What were the main goals of early explorers in the New World?
Goals included:
* Finding new trade routes
* Spreading Christianity
* Claiming land for their monarchs
Fill in the blank: The _______ was a significant treaty that divided the New World between Spain and Portugal.
Treaty of Tordesillas
True or False: The Protestant Reformation had no impact on the exploration of the New World.
False
What was the significance of the movable-type printing press in the context of exploration?
It allowed for the dissemination of knowledge and maps, making information about exploration more accessible
What was the role of the Crusades in preparing Europe for exploration?
They facilitated contact with the East and revived interest in trade and exotic goods
What was the impact of the Renaissance on exploration?
It encouraged a spirit of inquiry and observation, fostering advancements in navigation and exploration
Which monarchs are considered ‘New Monarchs’ for centralizing power in their nations?
Examples include:
* Louis XI of France
* Henry VII of England
* John II of Portugal
* Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
What were the primary motivations behind the Spanish Reconquista?
To reclaim the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule and consolidate Christian power
Fill in the blank: The _______ was the first Spanish settlement in the New World.
La Navidad
Who conquered Mexico between 1519 and 1521?
Hernando Cortez
What is the title of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca’s detailed journal?
La Relacion
What significant journey did Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca undertake?
An eight-year, 5,000-mile trip from Florida to New Spain
What did Cabeza de Vaca’s journal contain?
Descriptive narratives of native tribes and legends of the Seven Cities of Gold
Which explorer discovered the Florida peninsula in 1512?
Ponce de Leon
What inspired further exploration of North America after 1528?
Cabeza de Vaca’s account of the Seven Cities of Gold
Fill in the blank: The French began their exploration efforts in _______.
1524
