Module 1 - Harmful chemicals & Radiation

Question 1

What 3 things make something poisonous?

Answer 1

Exposure root; Dose; State and Form

Question 2

3 examples of exposure root

Answer 2

Orally
Inhaled
Absorbed through the skin

Question 3

Wounds from ——- are more severe than wounds from —– and take longer to heal

Answer 3

Bases; Acids

Question 4

Chemical compounds/substances that readily transfer oxygen atoms, or gain electrons in a redox reaction, and assist fire and may produce heat and toxic gases

Answer 4

Oxidising agents

Question 5

If a covalent bond is broken, each of the two fragments have a single unpaired electron. They are therefore —————

Answer 5

Oxidising agents

Question 6

Free radicals can be neutralised by —————-

Answer 6

anti-oxidants

Question 7

These are volatile, covalent, not readily excreted, neurotoxins

Answer 7

Solvents

Question 8

Solvents can cause what kind of damage in the body?

Answer 8

Liver and kidney damage

Depress normal brain function , leading to confusion, accidents, coma and death

Question 9

Some of these are important as trace elements, but at high doses can be carcinogenic

Answer 9

Heavy metals

Question 10

Heavy metal toxicity as a result of chronic exposure can lead to

Answer 10

Accumulation in the G.I. tract, liver, kidney, neurons

Question 11

Examples of solvents are

Answer 11

Chloroform
Actetone
Alcohol

Question 12

Examples of heavy metals are

Answer 12

Mercury

Cadmium

Question 13

Mg-silicate

Answer 13

Asbestos

Question 14

A fire and heat proof material, texture on walls and ceilings, insulation, that has been banned

Answer 14

Asbestos

Question 15

How is asbestos harmful

Answer 15

Small fibres can penetrate the lungs and cause lung cancer

Question 16

Have a mutagenic effect on DNA and cell division, leading to tumour growth, and accumulate and have a long latency before effect

Answer 16

Carcinogens

Question 17

Radiation in the form of waves or particles with an energy that is strong enough to ionise atoms or molecules

Answer 17

Ionising radiation

Question 18

Examples of ionising radiation

Answer 18

x-rays, gamma rays, alpha, beta

Question 19

Atoms of an element which have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons

Answer 19

Isotopes

Question 20

Unstable isotopes which emit radiation

Answer 20

Radioisotopes

Question 21

Type of radiation that is very penetrating and can cause severe damage

Answer 21

y radiation

Question 22

The time it takes for half of the radioactive substance to decay

Answer 22

Half-life

Question 23

Time it takes for half of the radio active atoms to be eliminated from the body

Answer 23

Biological half-life