Module 1: Inflammation, Pain management and Immune disorders

Question 1

Explain the term pathophysiology

Answer 1

Pathophysiology considers how diseases and disorders change body function.

Question 2

List several causes of cell injury

Answer 2

Hypoxia
Nutritional imbalances 
Chemical agents
Physical agents
Infectious agents
Genetic causes

Question 3

Discuss ways cells adapt to disease

Answer 3

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Question 4

State how the acute inflammatory response is triggered

Answer 4

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Question 5

List the sequence of events in the inflammatory process

Answer 5

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Question 6

Describe how the clinical manifestations of inflammation are related to the inflammatory process

Answer 6

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Question 7

Outline the nursing care required for a patient with an inflammatory condition

Answer 7

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Question 8

Describe the use of anti-inflammatory medications

Answer 8

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Question 9

Describe the actions of anti-inflammatory medications

Answer 9

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Question 10

Describe the side effects of anti-inflammatory medications

Answer 10

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Question 11

Describe nursing care in the use of anti-inflammatory medications

Answer 11

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Question 12

Discuss the aetiology of pain in Australia

Answer 12

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Question 13

Discuss the incidence of pain in Australia

Answer 13

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Question 14

Discuss the public health implications of pain in Australia

Answer 14

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Question 15

Name clinically relevant types of pain

Answer 15

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Question 16

Describe the pathophysiology of pain

Answer 16

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Question 17

Explain how pain is clinically assessed

Answer 17

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Question 18

Discuss and describe the pharmacological treatment of pain

Answer 18

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Question 19

Discuss and describe the non-pharmacological treatment of pain

Answer 19

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Question 20

Identify and explain pertinent nursing considerations in the management of pain

Answer 20

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Question 21

Identify and explain pertinent allied health collaboration for pain management

Answer 21

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Question 22

Define and describe the four types of hypersensitivity reactions.

Answer 22

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Question 23

Describe the common clinical manifestations of allergy reactions

Answer 23

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Question 24

Describe the underlying processes of allergy reactions

Answer 24

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Question 25

Describe the treatment options for allergy reactions

Answer 25

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Question 26

Differentiate between immediate and delayed hypersensitivities

Answer 26

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Question 27

Discuss the different primary immune deficiencies.

Answer 27

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Question 28

Discuss the different secondary immune deficiencies.

Answer 28

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Question 29

Discuss the pathogenesis and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Answer 29

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Question 30

Discuss the different types of blood group antigens (including Rh) and the issues for blood transfusions and pregnancy

Answer 30

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Question 31

Discuss the significance of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) in tissue or organ transplants and immunosuppressants.

Answer 31

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Question 32

Define autoimmune disease.

Answer 32

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Question 33

Outline the relationship between pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of a disease.

Answer 33

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Question 34

Review the different terminologies used to explain pathology

Answer 34

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Question 35

Explain the terms atrophy, hypertrophy and hyperplasia.

Answer 35

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Question 36

Define neoplasia, dysplasia and metaplasia (with an example each).

Answer 36

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Question 37

Describe types of tissue necrosis.

Answer 37

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Question 38

Describe the overall role of the inflammatory process

Answer 38

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Question 39

Identify the main inflammatory mediators and indicate their role

Answer 39

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Question 40

Explain how the clinical manifestations of inflammation are related to the inflammatory process.

Answer 40

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Question 41

Explain the difference between localised and systemic inflammation

Answer 41

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Question 42

Outline the difference between acute and chronic inflammation

Answer 42

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Question 43

Explain the mechanism and benefits of fever development

Answer 43

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Question 44

Outline the roles of multidisciplinary team members who will be involved in the care of patients with inflammatory disorders

Answer 44

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Question 45

Explain how NSAIDs work to decrease inflammation.

Answer 45

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Question 46

Outline the common side effects of NSAIDs

Answer 46

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Question 47

Discuss the nursing care required for patients taking NSAIDs

Answer 47

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Question 48

Explain how steroid medications work to decrease inflammation

Answer 48

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Question 49

Describe common side effects of steroid medications

Answer 49

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Question 50

Discuss the nursing care required for patients taking steroid medications.

Answer 50

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Question 51

What are the mechanisms of hypoxic cell injury and how do they work?

Answer 51

Ischaemia & Anoxia -Lack of oxygen due to reduced blood flow resulting in injury Lack of oxygen causes anaerobic metabolism which/ ATP which results in failure of the sodium-potassium pump