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Tour 116: EcoTour > Module 1: Intro > Flashcards

Module 1: Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Define Tourism (UNWTO, 2001)

A

The activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.

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2
Q
  • set out to be consistent w/ natural, social, and community values
  • both hosts and guests to enjoy positive and worthwhile interactions and shared experiences
A

Alternative Tourism

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3
Q

Promotes radically different approaches to conventional tourism

A

Alternative Tourism

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4
Q

Define Sustainability

A

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

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5
Q

The existence of ecological and social conditions necessary to support human life at a certain level of well-being through future generations

A

Sustainability

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6
Q

Evolution:

A 
Evolution:
1965 - Hetzer
1987 - Ceballos-Lascurian
1990 - Butler / IES
1991 - Wheeler
1994 - National Ecotourism Strategy for Australia
1997 - Björk
2001 - Weaver
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7
Q

NATURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES

Defined EcoTourism: Referred to a form of tourism based on natural and archaeological resources (such as caves and fossil sites)

A

Hetzer

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8
Q

Hetzer identifies four normative principles

A
  1. Minimum environmental impact
  2. Minimum impact on (and maximum respect for) host cultures
  3. Maximum economic benefits to host communities
  4. Maximum recreational satisfaction to participating tourists
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9
Q

Ceballos-Lascurain defined EcoTourism

A

Involves traveling to relatively undisturbed and uncontaminated natural areas with the specific object of STUDYING, ADMIRING, and ENJOYING the scenery and it wild plants and animals, as well as any existing cultural manifestations (both past and present) found in these areas

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10
Q

To designate forms of ecological tourism

A

Turisimo ecologico (1981)

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11
Q

Used in discussions in his capacity as President of PRONATURA and Director-General of SEDUE

A

Ecoturisimo (1983)

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12
Q

Date:

Ecotourism, first appearance in written form

A

1984

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13
Q

First appearance of ecotourism in written form

A

March-April edition of American Birds as an advertisement for one of his tourist operations

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14
Q

CL’s definition first appeared where and when?

A

The Future of Ecotourismo, 1987

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15
Q

PROTECTION OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS

Defined EcoTourism: Contributes to the protection of natural environments,
conservation of endangered species,
the creation of employment,
and the empowerment of communities

A

Butler

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16
Q

IMPROVES WELL-BEING OF PEOPLE

Defined EcoTourism: Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of people

A

International Ecotourism Society

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17
Q

ELABORATE STRATEGY

Defined EcoTourism: Viewed alternative forms of tourism as an elaborate strategy and effective marketing tool for building further tourism demand

A

Wheeler

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18
Q

INVOLVES EDUCATION AND INTERPRETATIONS

Defined EcoTourism: Nature-based tourism that involves education and interpretations of the natural environment, and is managed to be ecologically sustainable

A

National Ecotourism Strategy for Australia

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19
Q

PEOPLE COOPERATE

Define EcoTourism: activity where authorities, tourism industry, tourists, local people cooperate to make it possible for tourists to travel to genuine areas in order to admire, study, and enjoy the nature and culture in a way that does not exploit the resources, but contributes to sustainable development

A

Björk

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20
Q

FOSTERS LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Defined EcoTourism: fosters learning experiences and appreciation of the natural environment, or some component thereof, within its associated cultural context

A

Weaver

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21
Q

LOW-IMPACT, NON-CONSUMPTIVE, & LOCALLY-ORIENTED

Defined EcoTourism: sustainable form of natural resource-based tourism that focuses on experiencing and learning about nature, and which is ethically managed to be low-impact, non-consumptive, and locally-oriented

A

Fennell

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22
Q

Date:

Ecologists/Envi’lists - concerned over inappropriate use of natural resources

A

1960’s

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23
Q

Date:

Ecotourism as a reaction to negative consequences of tourism dev’t

A

1970’s

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24
Q

Developed a set of road-based ‘ecotours’ along the Trans-Canada Highway

A

Environment Canada

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25
Date: Environment Canada Developing countries identified ecotourism as achieving both conservation and dev't goals
1980's
26
Date: | Ecotourism became the fastest growing sectors of the tourism industry worldwide
1990's
27
Date: Ecotourism is celebrated by IYE Organized the WES in Quebec
2002
28
What is IYE
International Year of Ecotourism
29
What is WES
World Ecotourism Summit
30
mandated UNEP and UNWTO to organize a range of events
UN Resolution 53/200
31
What is UNEP
UN Environment Programme
32
UNEP reported successful outcomes:
a. Ecotourism Policy b. Ecotourism and sustainable development c. Ecotourism as a global economic driver d. Global network of specialists and practitioners e. The Quebec Declaration on Ecotourism
33
stimulated large-scale ecotourism dev't initiatives
IYE
34
Criticized due to fears of accelerated exploitation of virgin natural areas
IYE
35
Claims that everything in nature is waster until people transform it into usable thingd
Locke (1841)
36
are replaced with infrastructures for human benefit/utility
Vital ecosystems
37
Identified two primary ways value is assessed in Western societies
Godfrey-Smith (1980)
38
Two primary ways value is assessed in Western societies
Instrumental Value | Intrinsic Value
39
an ethic of 'use' | value being a means to a valued end
Instrumental Value
40
an ethic 'of' nature | value that exists in its own right, for its own sake
Intrinsic Value
41
Godfrey-Smith's justification in four categories
1. Cathedral Argument 2. Silo Argument 3. Laboratory Argument 4. Gymnasium Argument
42
valued for providing spiritual revival and aesthetic delight
Cathedral Argument
43
valued for its stockpile of genetic diversity
Silo Argument
44
valued for scientific inquiry
Laboratory Argument
45
valued for tourism and recreation
Gymnasium Argument
46
Principles/Characteristics of EcoTourism
1. Nature-based 2. Conservation-led 3. Has local and regional benefits 4. Has an educative role
47
Functions of Tourism
1. Protection of natural areas 2. Education 3. Generation of benefits 4. Quality tourism experiences 5. Local participation
48
travel to naturally beautiful areas as do nature tourists, but it should result to local benefits
Ecotourist
49
primary motivation of ecotourists
nature, for furthering knowledge and awareness of nature
50
ecotourists are usually viewed as?
outdoor enthusiasts who are older(35-54yo), affluent, highly educated, have free time
51
According to him, ecotourists can be allocated into 3 principal groups
Kusler (1991)
52
Tour Characteristics
1. Do-It-Yourself Ecotourists 2. Ecotourists on Tours 3. School/Scientific Groups 4. Hardcore 5. Dedicated 6. Mainstream 7. Casual 8. Light Green 9. Dark Green
53
largest number of visitors
DIY Ecotourists
54
high degree of organization, often trips to exotic locations
Ecotourists on Tours
55
expedition/scientific research accompany the visit
School/Scientific Groups
56
Scientific Researchers/Members of Tours SPECIFICALLY designed for education, environmental restoration, or similar purposes
Hardcore
57
take trips to specifically visit protected areas, | want to understand local natural and cultural history
Dedicated
58
visit popular destination
Mainstream
59
partake of natural incidentally such as through day trip during a broader vacation
Casual
60
interested in sustainability and undertake efforts to behave in an environmentally-responsible manner, however, COMFORT OVER CONSERVATION
Light Green
61
make significant commitment to environmentally-responsible behavior and put CONSERVATION BEFORE COMFORT
Dark Green
62
Actors in the Ecotourism System
``` Ecotourists Destination areas and their managers Organizations Host Populations Local and National Governments Tourism Businesses ```
63
travel to experience unspoiled natural areas and for educational purposes
Ecotourists
64
including both public and private facilities
Destination areas and their managers
65
use ecotourism for community involvement and dev't
Organizations
66
interest is based on positive impacts ecotourism has on their well-being
Host Population
67
are strategic planners and policy-makers
Local and National Government
68
maybe local, inbound and outbound operators, and accommodation providers
Tourism Businesses

Tour 116: EcoTour (3 decks)

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