Module 1: Introduction

Question 1

Density of Core

Answer 1

1600 kg/m^3

Question 2

Also known as the Mantle

Answer 2

Asthenosphere

Question 3

Also known as the Crust

Answer 3

Lithosphere

Question 4

Also known as the Core

Answer 4

Barysphere

Question 5

The earth is conceived to be composed of a sequence of shells or layers called

Answer 5

Geosphere

Question 6

Density of Steel

Answer 6

7850 kg/m^3

Question 7

Density of Mantle

Answer 7

6000 kg/m^3

Question 8

Core’s weight is _____ of steel’s weight.

Answer 8

Twice

Question 9

What causes the earth’s mass to circulate?

Answer 9

Convection Current

Question 10

TRUE OR FALSE

The earth’s crust is static but not subjected to motion.

Answer 10

False - not static but subjected to motion

Question 11

These are gigantic rock plates that float in slow motion in a viscous (partially plastic) mantle.

Answer 11

Tectonic Plates

Question 12

Thickness of tectonic plates

Answer 12

About 80km

Question 13

These plates are pushed against and subduct under the continental plates, resulting in continental drift.

Answer 13

Oceanic Plates

Question 14

It is a region around much of the rim of the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur.

Answer 14

Pacific Ring of Fire

Question 15

Are vibrations or oscillations of the ground surface caused by a transient disturbance of the elastic or gravitational equilibrium of the rocks at or beneath the surface of the earth.

Answer 15

Earthquakes

Question 16

The gradual accumulation and subsequent release of stress and strain is described as _______________.

Answer 16

Elastic Rebound

Question 17

TRUE OR FALSE

The upper parts of the earth’s crust and lithosphere are very strong and brittle.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Earthquakes that occur along the boundaries of the tectonic plates.

Answer 18

Interplate Earthquakes

Question 19

Earthquakes that occurs within the plates themselves, away from the plate boundaries.

Answer 19

Intraplate Earthquakes

Question 20

Slips generated during earthquake at the fault along both horizontal and vertical directions.

Answer 20

Dip Slip

Question 21

Slips generated during earthquake at the fault along the lateral direction.

Answer 21

Strike Slip

Question 22

It has been used as a measure of earthquake size

Answer 22

Seismic Moment

Question 23

This theory implies that an earthquake relieves the accumulated stresses along the portion of the fault on which rupture occurs.

Answer 23

Elastic Bound Theory

Question 24

Large rigid blocks that makes up the earth’s crust.

Answer 24

Crustal Plates

Question 25

Three kinds of plate boundaries or marginal zones

Answer 25

Divergent Convergent Transform

Question 26

Kind of plate boundary that is described as the constructive margin. It occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other.

Answer 26

Divergent Boundary

Question 27

Kind of plate boundary that is described as the destructive margin. It occurs when two plates from opposite directions come together and collide.

Answer 27

Convergent Boundary

Question 28

Kind of plate boundary that is described as the conservative margin. These are places where plates slide sideways past each other.

Answer 28

Transform Boundary

Question 29

According to PHIVOLCS, this is a break, fracture, fissure or zone of weakness where movement or displacement had occurred or may occur again.

Answer 29

Fault

Question 30

It is a fault that has moved within the last 10,000 years.

Answer 30

Active Fault

Question 31

Also known as the Valley Fault System (VFS) and is a dominantly right-lateral strike slip fault system in Luzon.

Answer 31

Marikina Valley Fault System

Question 32

The Philippine Fault transverse from ________ in the north to the eastern __________ in the south.

Answer 32

Ilocos Region to Mindanao

Question 33

Length of the Philippine Fault

Answer 33

1300 km

Question 34

Density of Crust

Answer 34

1500 kg/m^3

Question 35

Application capable to do proximity searches to active faults.

Answer 35

PHIVOLCS FaultFinder

Question 36

The vibrations felt in the bedrock are called.

Answer 36

Shocks

Question 37

The largest strain energy released during an earthquake travels in the form of ____________ in all directions.

Answer 37

Seismic Waves

Question 38

These waves travel through the interior of the earth consisting of P-waves and S-waves.

Answer 38

Body Waves

Question 39

These waves are results from interaction between body waves and surface layers of earth

Answer 39

Surface Waves

Question 40

Two types of Body Waves

Answer 40

P(primary) - waves and S(secondary) - waves

Question 41

Two types of Surface Waves

Answer 41

Love waves and Rayleigh Waves

Question 42

It is an instrument used to measure the vibration of the earth and relatively weak ground motions.

Answer 42

Seismograph

Question 43

The record produced by seismograph is called -----

Answer 43

Seismogram

Question 44

The location of an earthquake implies the location of its --------

Answer 44

Epicenter

Question 45

Is a non-instrumental perceptibility or qualitative measure of damage to structures, ground surface effects, and human reactions to earthquake shaking.

Answer 45

Intensity

Question 46

is a seismic scale used and developed by the PHIVOLCS to measure the intensity of an earthquake.

Answer 46

PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS)

Question 47

It is the measure of the amount of energy released at the focus.

Answer 47

Magnitude

Question 48

It is the size of seismic waves

Answer 48

amplitude

Question 49

A map that shows the intensity where the epicenter is near.

Answer 49

Isoseismal Map

Question 50

This is the most flexible and best to use magnitude scale

Answer 50

Moment Magnitude (Mw)

Question 51

4 most common magnitude scales

Answer 51

Richter or Local Magnitude (ML) Body Wave Magnitude (Mb) Surface Wave Magnitude (Ms) Moment Magnitude (Mw)

Question 52

5 Seismic Hazards

Answer 52

Ground Rupture Ground Shaking Liquefaction Earthquake-Induced Landslide Tsunamis

Question 53

Phenomenon wherein sediments, especially near bodies of water, behave like liquid similar to quick sand

Answer 53

Liquefaction

Question 54

Down slope movement of rocks, soil and other debris commonly triggered by strong shaking.

Answer 54

Earthquake-Induced Landslide

Question 55

Series of waves caused commonly by an earthquake under the sea

Answer 55

Tsunamis

Question 56

Deformation on the ground that marks the intersection of the fault with the earth's surface.

Answer 56

Ground Rupture

Question 57

Disruptive up, down, and sideways vibration of the ground during an earthquake.

Answer 57

Ground Shaking

Question 58

It is the displacement of the ground due to movement of the fault.

Answer 58

Fissuring

Question 59

Also known as the Gutenberg Discontinuity

Answer 59

Core-Mantle Boundary

Question 60

Forms when the body waves reflect and refract off of the surface of the Earth.

Answer 60

Surface Waves

Question 61

When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, it slides beneath the continental plate forming a -----------

Answer 61

Deep Oceanic Trench

Question 62

Geologic Fault in which the hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall.

Answer 62

Normal Fault

Question 63

Geologic Fault in which the hanging wall has moved upward relative to the footwall.

Answer 63

Thrust or Reverse Fault

Question 64

The depth of the focus of the epicenter is known as ------------------

Answer 64

Focal Depth

Question 65

The point of generation of an earthquake is known as the -------- or ---------

Answer 65

Focus or Center

Question 66

The point on the earth's surface directly above the focus is known as -----------

Answer 66

Epicenter

Question 67

The distance from the epicenter to any point of interest is known as the -------- or ----------

Answer 67

Focal Distance or Epicentral Distance