Module 1- Introduction to Operating Systems and Becoming a Power User

Question 1

Absolute path

Example:

Windows- cd C:\Users\cindy\Documents

Linux: cd/home/cindy/documents

Answer 1

It is one that starts from the main directory

Question 2

Alias

Answer 2

A nickname for common commands

Question 3

Appending flags

> >

Answer 3

A way to add the data of the file without erasing existing data

Question 4

Bash

Answer 4

The language used to interact with the shell

Question 5

CLI

Answer 5

Command line interpreter

Question 6

Command line

Answer 6

A text interface program for a computer that inputs text commands and translates them to the operating system

Question 7

Escape characters

Answer 7

A concept that means that the next character after the back tick should be treated literally

Question 8

.exe

Answer 8

A file extension found in Windows for an executable file

Question 9

Groups

Answer 9

A collection of users

Question 10

GUI

Answer 10

A graphical user interface

Question 11

Hidden files

Answer 11

A set of files that are not visible either to avoid alteration or simply because you don’t want someone to see them

Question 12

Hot key

Example:

Ctrl-C (copy)

Ctrl-V (paste)

Answer 12

A keyboard shortcut that does a particular task

Question 13

I/O Streams

Answer 13

An input stream handles data flowing into and out of a program

Question 14

Parameter

Answer 14

A value that is associated with a command

Question 15

Parent directory & child directories

Answer 15

A parent directory is a directory that houses all subsequent child directories

Question 16

Paths

Path example
Windows: C:\User\CIndy\Desktop
Linux /home/cindy/desktop

Answer 16

A main directory that branches off and holds other directories and files

Question 17

Prompt

Answer 17

A prompt shows you which directory you’re currently in

Question 18

Relative path

Example:
WIndows- cd…pwd
Linux- cd../documents

Answer 18

It is a path from your current directory

Question 19

Regular expression

Answer 19

A pattern matching language that describes words, phrases, or more complicated patterns; regular expressions are used to help you do advanced pattern based selection

Question 20

Root directory

Answer 20

A parent directory for all other directories in a file system

Question 21

Shell

Answer 21

A shell is a command line interpreter for Linux

Question 22

Standard error (stderr)

Answer 22

A data stream that redirect the output of error messages in a different output stream. It works both in Linux and Windows

Question 23

Standard In (stdin)

Answer 23

A data stream in which the input that you provide through the keyboard goes to the standard in stream of the process that you’re interacting with. It works both in Linux and Windows

Question 24

Standard out (stdout)

Answer 24

A data stream that when a process creates output, it adds data to the standard out stream, which flows out of the process. It works both in Linux and Windows

Question 25

Stdin, stdout, stderr

Answer 25

Three data streams created when you launch a Linux command

Question 26

Subdirectories

Answer 26

A directory below or at a deeper level in the directory hierarchy

Question 27

Tab completion

Answer 27

A way to auto-complete a command or file names and directories

Question 28

Wildcard

Answer 28

A character that is used to help select files based on a certain pattern

Question 29

Windows Search service

Answer 29

A service that indexes files on your computer by looking through them on a schedule

Question 30

cd in the CLI

Answer 30

or change directory commandIf we want to change the directory that we're in

Question 31

pwd in the CLI

Answer 31

or print working directorytells you which directory you're currently in.

Question 32

Command Line Interfaces on Windows

Answer 32

cmd.exe powershell.exe

Question 33

Command to list directories in CLI

Answer 33

ls C:\

Question 34

Command to list directories in Linux

Answer 34

ls/

Question 35

CLI Command that will... This will give us a brief summary of the command's parameters.

Answer 35

Get-Help ls

Question 36

Linux Command that will... view what options are available for a command by adding the help flag

Answer 36

ls--help

Question 37

What is the CLI Commnad? Now you can see a description of each of the parameters and some examples of how to use the command.

Answer 37

Get-Help ls -Full

Question 38

What is the Linux Command? to get information about commands is the _______ command for manual. It's used to show us manual pages

Answer 38

man—help

Question 39

CLI parameter will show hidden and system files that aren't normally listed with just ls

Answer 39

Ls -Force C:\

Question 40

CLI command Want to get to the desktop directory in your home folder.

Answer 40

Cd~\Desktop

Question 41

Bash command In Bash, the ____ is used to referenceour home directory., so ______ will take us back to our desktop.

Answer 41

cd ~/desktop

Question 42

Tab completion in Bash vs Windows

Answer 42

The difference between Bashtab complete and Windows tab complete is that if we have multiple options, it won't rotate through the options, but instead will show us all options at once.

Question 43

Tab completion in Windows

Answer 43

lets us use the tab key to auto complete file names and directories.Example: type D then tab

Question 44

mkdir

Answer 44

make directory.

Question 45

Ctrl-R

Answer 45

search through your previously used commands using the history shortcut

Question 46

clear command

Answer 46

This doesn't wipe your history, it just clears the output on your screen.

Question 47

power shell command to copy something

Answer 47

CP

Question 48

CLI (-Recurse)

Answer 48

To copy over the contents of the directory, you need to use another command parameter

Question 49

CLI (-Verbose)

Answer 49

Copy doesn't output anything to the CLI by default unless there are errors. When we use copy-Verbose, it'll output one line for each file the directory being copied.

Question 50

mv

Answer 50

mv or move can rename andmove files and directories

Question 51

rm

Answer 51

remove files. Once removed, gone for good. Typically power given only to authorized user.

Question 52

More Command in power shell

Answer 52

more "to view contents of the file 1 page at a time. The more command will get the contents of the file, but will pause once it fills the terminal window. Now we can advance the texts at our own pace. "

Question 53

More Command in Bash

Answer 53

slowly going out in favor of the less command.

Question 54

Cat Command in Power shell

Answer 54

cat this will dump the contents of the file in our shell. This isn't the best solution for a file, since it just keeps writing the content until the whole file is displayed

Question 55

Cat Command in Bash

Answer 55

The Cat command is similar to the Windows Cat command since it doesn't do a great job at viewing large files

Question 56

Enter Key in Power shell

Answer 56

The Enter key advances the file by one line. You can use this if you want to move slowly through the file.

Question 57

Space Key in Powershell

Answer 57

Space advances the file by one page.

Question 58

Q Key in Powershell

Answer 58

The Q key allows you to quit out of more and go back to your shell. If we want to leave the more command and go back to our shell, we can just hit the q key.

Question 59

(-HEAD)

Answer 59

We don't really want to open up the whole file. Instead, we just want to get a glimpse of what the document is. This is called the head of the file. This example command will show the first 10 lines of a file.

Question 60

(-Tail)

Answer 60

example to view the last 10 lines of a file.

Question 61

Less command in Bash

Answer 61

Less does a similar thing that more does for Windows but it has more functionality. Less command launches you into an interactive shell. Used frequently as IT support specialist.

Question 61

g command in Bash

Answer 61

lowercase g this moves to the begininng of a file.

Question 61

G command in Bash

Answer 61

Capital G moves to the end of a file.

Question 62

Command in Bash allows you to search for a word or phrase.

Answer 62

/word_search

Question 62

q command in Bash

Answer 62

allows you to quit out of less and go back to your shell

Question 63

NANO in Bash

Answer 63

launches you into the nano program to start editing

Question 64

CONTROL G in Bash

Answer 64

which helps open up a page

Question 65

CONTROL X in Bash

Answer 65

which is used when you want to save your work or exit from nano

Question 66

Notepad++ editor in Windows GUI that can...

Answer 66

can open multiple files and tabs. opensource text editor, support for different file types.

Question 67

Syntax Highlighting

Answer 67

displays text in different fonts and colors to help highlight things

Question 68

Power Shell Commands Get-Allias ls Get-ChildItem Get-ChildItem C:\ What does each command mean...

Answer 68

to see the actual powershell command that gets executed. When we use this command we are actually calling Get-ChildItem gets or lists the children which are the files and subdirectories of the given item. it’s the same as ls C:\ powershell commands are very long and descriptive which makes them easy to understand. But it does mean a lot of extra typing when your working at the cli

Question 69

Windows searching within files... Command to search for the word.

Answer 69

Ctrl-F

Question 70

USING NOTEPAD++ to open the find in files dialog

Answer 70

CTRL+SHIFT+F

Question 71

SEARCH WORDS FROM WITIN COMMAND LINE select desk string command to find words or other strings of characters and files.

Answer 71

sls

Question 72

(-Filter)

Answer 72

The -Filter parameter will filter the results for file names that match a pattern.

Question 73

*

Answer 73

The asterisks mean match anything, and the .exe is the file extension for executable files in Windows. So the only results we're going to get are the files that end in .exe, cool.

Question 74

ECHO COMMAND IS AN ALLIAS FOR

Answer 74

ECHO COMMAND IS AN ALLIAS FOR Write- Output We know the echo command prints out our keyboard input to the screen. But how does this work? Every Windows process and every PowerShell command can take input and can produce output.

Question 75

Windows GREATER THAN SYMPOL >

Answer 75

The greater than symbol is something we call a redirect or operator that lets us change where we want our standard output to go.

Question 76

Windows 2>

Answer 76

When we use two greater than, we're telling PowerShell to redirect the standard error stream to the file instead of standard out.

Question 77

Null Command

Answer 77

$null What if we don't care about the error messages, but we don't want to put them in a file? Using our newly learned redirect or operators, we can actually filter out these error messages. In PowerShell, we can do this by redirecting standard error to dollar sign null.