Module 1 Lecture 2

Question 1

What causes plants to have medicinal effects

Answer 1

Molecular level interactions between checmicals in plants and chemicals in our body

Question 2

What is critical for plants to have a medicinal effect

Answer 2

Shape of molecules and functional groups

Question 3

Ethnobotany

Answer 3

Study of human-plant interactions

Question 4

What types of societies does ethnobotany focus on

Answer 4

Primative, non-western, indigeneous, traditional

Question 5

Types of plants

Answer 5

Vascular, bryophyte, fungi, algae

Question 6

What type of plant dominates the terrestrial biomass

Answer 6

Vascular

Question 7

What percentage of plants are vascular

Answer 7

98%

Question 8

Important properties of plants

Answer 8

Sessile, compete for light, support tissues

Question 9

How do plants defend against herbivores

Answer 9

Chemicals

Question 10

Photosynthesis produces excess amounts of ___

Answer 10

Carbohydrates

Question 11

What is ethnobotany rooted in

Answer 11

Greek and roman writers

Question 12

Writing on ethnobotany

Answer 12

De Materia Medica by Pedanius Dioscorides

Question 13

Development of ethnobotany

Answer 13

Explorers looking for spices

Question 14

Who named ethnobotany

Answer 14

John Harshberger

Question 15

Are plants autotrophic

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

Aquatic plant

Answer 16

Green algae

Question 17

Green algae use by humans

Answer 17

Biofuel

Question 18

Most significant group of plants

Answer 18

Angiosperms (flowering plants)

Question 19

Parts of a vascular plant

Answer 19

Internal transport system, cuticle, stomates, larger size

Question 20

Spore producing plants with few uses

Answer 20

Pteridophytes

Question 21

Plants with no flowers or fruit

Answer 21

Coniferms and other gymnosperms

Question 22

Where do vascular plants store food

Answer 22

Stem, roots

Question 23

Part of plant that conserves water

Answer 23

Leaves

Question 24

Related genera are grouped into ____

Answer 24

Families

Question 25

Classes of plants

Answer 25

Monocot and dicot

Question 26

Modern herbal medicines are used by ___% of the world's population

Answer 26

80-90%

Question 27

What is the basis of modern drugs

Answer 27

Herbal medicines

Question 28

Why some plants have medicinal properties

Answer 28

- Secondary compounds - Complex phenolics - Astringent effect

Question 29

Secondary compounds

Answer 29

Not essential to plant metabolism, affect animal physiology

Question 30

Example of secondary compounds

Answer 30

Tannins

Question 31

Chemical structure of plant compounds

Answer 31

Hydrocarbon rings

Question 32

Compounds similar to animal compounds are normally stored in ___ form

Answer 32

Glycoside

Question 33

Saponins attack ____

Answer 33

Cell membranes

Question 34

Effect of cardiac glycosides

Answer 34

Change heart rate through ANS

Question 35

Example of cardiac glycosides

Answer 35

Alkaloids

Question 36

Type of receptor

Answer 36

Lock and key

Question 37

First neurotransmitter

Answer 37

ACh

Question 38

Induced fit theory

Answer 38

Enzymes change their shape to accommodate the chemicals

Question 39

Zoopharmacognosy

Answer 39

Animal observations

Question 40

Who analyzed native american drug plants

Answer 40

Moerman

Question 41

Families of drug plants most commonly used

Answer 41

Physiologically active compounds

Question 42

What is the theory of disease and cure based on

Answer 42

Humoral theory of Hippocrates

Question 43

How does diease arise according to humoral theory

Answer 43

Imbalance of humors often caused by external forces

Question 44

How are imbalances treated

Answer 44

With activities or drugs that oppose imbalance

Question 45

Body fluids of humoral theory

Answer 45

Blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm

Question 46

Doctrine of signatures

Answer 46

Plant medicine best for part of body to which it is similar in some physical way

Question 47

What guides traditional chinese medicine

Answer 47

Religious and philosophical ideas

Question 48

Traditional chinese medicine relates ____ to ____

Answer 48

Macrocosom (universe) to Microcosom (body)

Question 49

Type of medicine of traditional chinese medicine

Answer 49

Allopathic medicine

Question 50

Allopathic medicine

Answer 50

Treatments attempt to counter imbalances

Question 51

Person who contributed to traditional chinese medicine

Answer 51

Emperor Shang Nong

Question 52

Traditional chinese medicine has very little basis on _____

Answer 52

Anatomical and experimental knowledge

Question 53

Religion and philosophical chinese leaders

Answer 53

Confuscious and Lao Zi

Question 54

Qi

Answer 54

Existence of human life is dependent on energy

Question 55

Types of human qi

Answer 55

Nourishing and protective

Question 56

Nourishing qi

Answer 56

Carrying blood to internal organs

Question 57

Protective qi

Answer 57

Found on body surface blocking external evil qi

Question 58

Organs with yin

Answer 58

Internal, lower, front of body

Question 59

Organs with yang

Answer 59

External, upper, back

Question 60

____ organs are yin and ___ organs are yang

Answer 60

Solid and hollow

Question 61

Theory of five elements

Answer 61

Organs paired, one per element

Question 62

Five elements

Answer 62

Metal, earth, wood, fire, water

Question 63

Treatments for qi

Answer 63

Acupuncture, massage, moxibustion, suction cups, qi gong, drugs, no surgery

Question 64

How are medicines chosen in traditional chinese medicine

Answer 64

Qualities of the plant in relation to yin/yang

Question 65

How many drugs used at a time in traditional chinese medicine

Answer 65

Usually many

Question 66

Popular traditional chinese medicine drug

Answer 66

Ginseng