Module 1 - Lesson 2

Question 1

what are the 4 heart chambers?

Answer 1

R/L ventricles
R/L atriums

Question 2

what are the the 2 large arteries that leave the heart?

Answer 2

pulmonary and aorta

Question 3

which chambers are larger A or V?

Answer 3

ventricles

Question 4

which chambers are lower A or V?

Answer 4

ventricles

Question 5

ventricles are the _ and _ chambers

Answer 5

larger and lower

Question 6

atriums are found where in the heart

Answer 6

above the ventricles
A = Above
A= first in Alphabet= on top

Question 7

atriums are the larger chambers T/F

Answer 7

false - atriums are small
A= addie = small girl = smaller chamber
A= addie = whos the best = on top

Question 8

what are the characteristics of the left ventricle?

Answer 8

• thicker
  -conical shape
  -attached to mitral valve
  -bi-commissural valve - 2 junction points with fishmouth appearance
• paired papillary muscles
• AV valve inserts porximally - closer to the atria
• continuity between AV valve and great artery
• smooth internal surface

Question 9

valves are in the Atriums or ventricles?

Answer 9

ventricles
valves = ventricles

Question 10

what are the characteristics of the right ventricle?

Answer 10

• tricuspid valve
• thinner walled
• triangular shape
• tricommisural valve - 3 junction points
• 3 papillary muscles - one attached to sternum
• tricuspid inserts more directly and closer to apex
• no continuity between great artery and AV valve
• coarse trabeculations
• moderator band

Question 11

what are some characteristics of the left atrium?

Answer 11

• all 4 pulmonary veins drain into here
• does not drain systemic veins (IVC or SVC)

Question 12

what are some characteristics of the right atrium?

Answer 12

• large systemic veins drain into here - IVC and SVC and coronary sinus
• larger appendage than left atrium
• all pulmonary veins drain into the Left Atrium

Question 13

what are auricles?

Answer 13

atrial appendages
- outpouchings from the atria

Question 14

what are atrial appendages?

Answer 14

outpouchings from the atria

Question 15

which atrial appendages are more easily seen?

Answer 15

left

Question 16

what are the three branches of the aorta?

Answer 16

brachiocephalic artery
left common carotid
left subclavian

Question 17

what is a key characteristic of the aorta?

Answer 17

3 large vessels coming off
exit with left ventricle characteristics

Question 18

what is a key characteristic of the pulmonary artery?

Answer 18

• large vessel - bifurcates into 2 branches - t shaped
• exit with right ventrical features

Question 19

what are some normal variants in the left ventricle?

Answer 19

false chords and tendons - strings

Question 20

what are some normal variants in the right atrium?

Answer 20

4 -
eustachian valve
crista terminalis
thesbian valve
chiari network

Question 21

what is the eustachian valve?

Answer 21

normal variant of the right atrium
- reminant valve at junction of IVC and right atrium

Question 22

what is crista terminalis?

Answer 22

normal variant of the right atrium
- ridge of tissue maybe mistaken for a mass in the Right atrium

Question 23

what is the thesbian valve?

Answer 23

normal variant of the right atrium
- membrane or fold at opening of coronary sinus

Question 24

what is the chiari network?

Answer 24

normal variant of the right atrium
- mobile membrane in RA attaches from crista terminalis

Question 25

the aorta is attached to the _ventricle

Answer 25

left

Question 26

the pulmonary artery is attached to the _ ventricle

Answer 26

right

Question 27

Found at the opening of the IVC into the right atrium

Answer 27

Eustachian valve

Question 28

Thin, linear structures seen in the left ventricle

Answer 28

False cords/ false tendons

Question 29

A membrane at the opening of the coronary sinus

Answer 29

Thesbian valve

Question 30

Ridge of tissue in the right atrium

Answer 30

Crista terminalis

Question 31

Very thin, highly mobile membrane in the right atrium

Answer 31

Chiari network

Question 32

what is the purpose of heart valves?

Answer 32

to control the direction of blood flow

Question 33

what are leaflets?

Answer 33

fibrous tissue of valves that open and close

Question 34

what are commissures?

Answer 34

where the valves seal together at the corners

Question 35

what is coaptation?

Answer 35

the meeting up - creates a good seal in valves

Question 36

what is a semilunar valve?

Answer 36

valves at the vessels aortic and pulmonary open is systole

Question 37

which valves are open at systole?

Answer 37

semilunar

Question 38

what is systole?

Answer 38

contraction of the heart - pushes blood out semilunar valves open

Question 39

semilunar valves open at?

Answer 39

systole

Question 40

Aortic valve is ______

Answer 40

semilunar

Question 41

pulmonary valve is_______

Answer 41

semilunar

Question 42

aortic valve is open during systole or diastole?

Answer 42

systole - b/c semilunar

Question 43

pulmonary valve is open during systole or diasole?

Answer 43

systole - b/c semilunar

Question 44

what is an atrioventricular valve?

Answer 44

valve between chambers - between atria and ventricles - literally says it in the name

Question 45

what are the atrioventricular valves?

Answer 45

mitral and tricuspid

Question 46

the mitral and tricuspid valves are what type of valve?

Answer 46

atrioventricular

Question 47

the aortic valve is the opening between

Answer 47

the left ventricle and aorta

Question 48

the pulmonary valve is the opening between the

Answer 48

right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Question 49

the mitral valve is the opening between the

Answer 49

left atria and ventricle

Question 50

the tricuspid valve is the opening between the

Answer 50

right atria and ventricle

Question 51

the tricuspid valve goes with which semilunar valve?

Answer 51

pulmonary

Question 52

the mitral valve goes with which semilunar valve?

Answer 52

aortic

Question 53

the atrioventricular valves are open during?

Answer 53

diastole

Question 54

what is disatole?

Answer 54

the relaxation of the heart - allow the heart to fill

Question 55

the mitral valve is open during

Answer 55

diastole

Question 56

the tricuspid valve is open during

Answer 56

diastole

Question 57

during diastole the _ and _ valves are open

Answer 57

mitral and tricuspid

Question 58

what are two characteristics of the aortic valve?

Answer 58

- annulus - cusps - 3

Question 59

the aorta is a __cuspid valve

Answer 59

tricuspid - has three valves or bicuspid - 2 valves

Question 60

what are the three cusps on the aortic valve?

Answer 60

right coronary left coronary noncornoary - named after the coronary artery it sits on

Question 61

a closed trileaftlet aortic valve will appear as...

Answer 61

an inverted mersades - y

Question 62

an open trileaflet aortic valve will appear as

Answer 62

an inverted triangle ***must look like this to be normal

Question 63

a closed bileaflet aortic valve will appear as

Answer 63

inverted mersades

Question 64

an open bileaflet aortic valve will appear as

Answer 64

oval - two cusps fused and pull back

Question 65

it is more normal for the aorta to be ___cuspid

Answer 65

tri

Question 66

in the pulmonary valve you can never see...

Answer 66

all three cusps at once

Question 67

the pulmonary valve features

Answer 67

- annulus - 3 cusps

Question 68

what are the three cusps in the pulmonary valve

Answer 68

- anterior -right posterior - left posterior

Question 69

we can never see all three cusps in which valve?

Answer 69

pulmonary

Question 70

what are the AV valves?

Answer 70

mitral and tricuspid

Question 71

what are the 5 components of the mitral valve?

Answer 71

1 -annulus 2- leaflets 3- commissures 4- tendinous chordae 5- papillary muscles

Question 72

the mitral valve is a ___leaflet valve

Answer 72

bileaflet

Question 73

that are the 5 components of the tricuspid valve?

Answer 73

1 -annulus 2- leaflets - 3 3- commissures 4- tendinous chordae 5- papillary muscles - 3

Question 74

which valve has 3 papillary muscles?

Answer 74

tricuspid

Question 75

the tricuspid valve cusps are named?

Answer 75

anterior/posterior

Question 76

the coronary cusps are in the ______ valve?

Answer 76

aortic

Question 77

what are the three heart wall layers?

Answer 77

endocardium myocardium pericardium

Question 78

what is the endocardium?

Answer 78

innermost layer of the heart - smooth - lines ventricle cavities

Question 79

what is the myocardium?

Answer 79

- middle layer of heart - thickest layer - muscular - contracts and relaxes

Question 80

what is the pericardium?

Answer 80

outer layer of the heart - 2 layers

Question 81

what are the two layers of the pericardium?

Answer 81

serous pericardium fibrous pericardium

Question 82

what it the serous pericardium?

Answer 82

innermost layer - visceral layer - epicardium - pericardial space - low pressure fluid - parietal layer

Question 83

what is the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 83

- outermost layer - dense and tough connective tissue - anchors to sternum

Question 84

what are the myocardium muscles?

Answer 84

left ventricle and right ventrical

Question 85

the mycoardium has different what on each side of the heart?

Answer 85

different muscle - one on the right and one on left ventricle

Question 86

the left ventricle myocardium is ...

Answer 86

3 layers inner - subendocardial - longitudinal contraction middle - horizontal contraction-only in LV - causes twisting of heart outer - extends over RV

Question 87

what muscle layer is only found in the LV

Answer 87

middle layer of the myocardium

Question 88

what is the muscle motion in the Right ventricle?

Answer 88

longitudinal contraction - apex to the base

Question 89

what are the responsibilities of the pericardium?

Answer 89

-protect heart -limit volume overload -hold heart position in chest cavity -creates less friction - not essential for life

Question 90

how does peri or epi cardinal fat appear in u/s?

Answer 90

hypoechoic with striations