Module 1: Properties and Structure of Matter

Question 1

What is a mixture?

Answer 1

A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances

Question 2

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

Answer 2

• Two or more substances that are mixed together but remain physically separate
• Has a composition which varies within the mixture

Question 3

What are some examples of heterogeneous mixtures?

Answer 3

Dirt+water
Oil+water

Question 4

What is a homogeneous mixture?

Answer 4

• Two or more substances that are mixed together but merge into a uniform phase
• Has a uniform composition within the mixture

Question 5

What are some examples of homogeneous mixtures?

Answer 5

Salt+water

Question 6

What are the six main physical properties used to seperate mixtures?

Answer 6

Magnetism
Solubility
Density
Boiling point
Melting point
Particle size

Question 7

What are elements?

Answer 7

Elements are made of just one type of atom

Question 8

What are compounds?

Answer 8

Compounds contain different types of atoms chemically bonded together in definite proportions

Question 9

What is the solvent?

Answer 9

It is the substance which dissolves in the solute

Question 10

What is the solute?

Answer 10

It is what the solvent is dissolved in

Question 11

What is a suspension?

Answer 11

A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture, with visible distinguishable parts, that forms when a substance does not dissolve significantly

Question 12

What are some examples of suspensions?

Answer 12

Chalk in water
Red blood cells in plasma

Question 13

What is a colloid?

Answer 13

It is a mixture of particles that consists of smaller clusters of ions or molecules these molecules do not settle over time

Question 14

What are some examples of colloids?

Answer 14

Milk
Mayonnaise

Question 15

What is sublimation?

Answer 15

It is the change of state from solid to directly gas

Question 16

What is deposition?

Answer 16

It is the change of state from gas to directly solid

Question 17

What are the three main parts to the particle model?

Answer 17

1. Matter is made up of particles that cannot be made smaller by either compression or further division
2. The particles are in constant motion and are attracted to one another, weakly and strongly
3. The particles are not necessarily atoms

Question 18

What can’t the particle matter explain?

Answer 18

The model does not include a measure of forces between the particles therefore, the temperature at which a material changes state cannot be predicted

Question 19

What property is used in filtration?

Answer 19

Particle size (solid in liquid)

Question 20

What is the filtrate?

Answer 20

The liquid that has been filtered out during filtration

Question 21

What is the residue?

Answer 21

It is the solid which is left on the filter paper after filtration

Question 22

What is a volatile liquid?

Answer 22

A liquid that easily becomes a vapour is called volatile

Question 23

What is the property used in distillation?

Answer 23

Boiling temperature

Question 24

When is distillation used?

Answer 24

To seperate two liquids with at least 50 degrees difference in their boiling points

Question 25

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 25

It is similar to distillation but their a small glass beads which mean that liquids with similar boiling points can be separated

Question 26

What property is used in evaporation?

Answer 26

Boiling temperature

Question 27

When is evaporation used?

Answer 27

When separating a solution with a solid dissolved in it

Question 28

What are some characteristics of metal?

Answer 28

Lustrous Malleable Ductile High melting/boiling points Good conductors of electricity and heat

Question 29

What is an alloy?

Answer 29

An alloy is a physical mixture of a metal with a small amount of some other element

Question 30

What are some characteristics of non-metals?

Answer 30

Not malleable Not ductile Dull in colour Lower in melting/boiling points Poor conductors of electricity and heat

Question 31

What are metalloids?

Answer 31

Metalloids are elements that have some metallic and non-metallic properties

Question 32

What are chemical properties of elements?

Answer 32

Chemical properties relate to how easily an element undergoes chemical change

Question 33

What are physical properties of elements?

Answer 33

Physical properties describe features that can be observed or measured

Question 34

What are the periods on the periodic table?

Answer 34

The horizontal rows

Question 35

What are the groups on the periodic table?

Answer 35

The vertical columns

Question 36

What is electrostatic attraction?

Answer 36

Negative particles attract positive particles

Question 37

How do you calculate the neutrons?

Answer 37

Mass number - atomic number

Question 38

What is an isotope?

Answer 38

They are atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 39

What are radioisotopes?

Answer 39

Isotopes which are radioactive

Question 40

What type of radiation can be released during particle decay?

Answer 40

Alpha particles Beta particles Gamma radiation

Question 41

What are alpha particles?

Answer 41

They are two protons and two neutrons which is a helium nucleus

Question 42

When are alpha particles emitted?

Answer 42

When the nuclei has too few neutrons to be stable

Question 43

What are the characteristics of alpha particles?

Answer 43

Low energy Travels no further than a few centimetres Can be stopped by a sheet of paper

Question 44

What are beta particles?

Answer 44

A neutron is converted to a proton so the atomic number of the element increases by one

Question 45

When are beta particles emitted?

Answer 45

When the nuclei has too many neutrons to be stable

Question 46

What are the characteristics of beta particles?

Answer 46

High energy More penetrating power that alpha particles Can be stopped by aluminium plate several cm thick

Question 47

What are the characteristics of gamma radiation?

Answer 47

High energy electromagnetic radiation Great penetration power Can only be stopped by thick lead

Question 48

What is the standard to which all masses are compared to?

Answer 48

Carbon 12 Which is given the mass of exactly 12

Question 49

What is the flame test?

Answer 49

It is a simple method that can be used to determine the identity of a metal sample

Question 50

How does the flame test work?

Answer 50

When the metal atoms are heated, they give off light of a characteristic colour

Question 51

How can an emission spectra be used?

Answer 51

Each emission spectrum is unique for a particular element and can be used to identify the elements present

Question 52

What is ionisation energy?

Answer 52

It is the energy needed to remove an electron from an atom

Question 53

What is the electron configuration?

Answer 53

It is the simple way of showing the electron configuration ie. Oxygene: 2,6

Question 54

What are valence electrons?

Answer 54

The electrons in the outer shell

Question 55

What is the formula for how many electrons a shell can hold?

Answer 55

2n^2 n - shell number

Question 56

What is the Bohr Model?

Answer 56

Electrons are viewed as tiny, hard particles that revolve around the nucleus in circular orbits

Question 57

What are dispersion forces?

Answer 57

The forces of attraction between non-polar molecules. Is the weakest type of force.

Question 58

What are dipole dipole forces?

Answer 58

Only occur in polar molecules and is relatively weak

Question 59

What is hydrogen bonding?

Answer 59

Is a special form of dipole–dipole force which only occurs between molecules in which a hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to an oxygen, a nitrogen or a fluorine atom

Question 60

When is coloured light produced in an emission spectra?

Answer 60

When electrons move from higher to lower energy levels