Module 1 Study Guide

Question 1

Pathological changes observable, visible to the naked eye

Answer 1

Gross pathology

Question 2

Pathological changes not observable by the naked eye; requiring a magnifying device to see changes; changes that cells tissues and organs undergo as a result of disease; microscopic pathology

Answer 2

Histo-Pathology

Question 3

Specific features of disease in relation to particular organs or organ systems; systemic pathology

Answer 3

Clinical pathology

Question 4

Study of changes in the body function due to disease

Answer 4

Physiological pathology

Question 5

Study of the cause, manner, and mechanism of death via autopsy

Answer 5

Forensic pathology

Question 6

Prefix meaning tissue

Answer 6

histo-

Question 7

Prefix meaning disease

Answer 7

patho-

Question 8

Prefix meaning blood

Answer 8

hemo-

Question 9

Prefix meaning blood

Answer 9

hema-

Question 10

Visible to the naked eye; consisting of large particles or components; coarse or large

Answer 10

gross

Question 11

Founded on actual observation and treatment of patients as distinguished from data or facts obtained from other sources

Answer 11

clinical

Question 12

The study of

Answer 12

-ology

Question 13

Bleeding pertaining to the digestive tract- anywhere from mouth to the anus

Answer 13

gastrointestinal bleed

Question 14

Common condition in which acid from the stomach flows back into the esophagus, causing discomfort and , in some instances damage to the esophageal lining

Answer 14

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Question 15

Narrowing of coronary arteries, usually as a result of atherosclerosis- single most common cause of death in industrialized nation

Answer 15

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Question 16

Abnormal accumulation of tissue fluid in the interstitial spaces due to the removal of lymph nodes or to the blockage or destruction of lymphatics

Answer 16

lymphedema

Question 17

The constriction or narrowing of the liver

Answer 17

hepatic stenosis

Question 18

Chronic blood-borne inflammation of the liver transmitted person to person via blood and bodily fluids

Answer 18

hepatitis C

Question 19

Sudden, significant decrease in the filtration capabilities of the kidneys and rapid increase in the levels of creatinine and other waste products in the systemic circulation

Answer 19

acute renal failure

Question 20

Inability of the liver function

Answer 20

hepatic failure

Question 21

the state or condition in which the body or a part of it is invaded by a disease-causing agent that, under favorable conditions, multiplies and produces injurious effects

Answer 21

infection

Question 22

a temporary deficiency of blood flow to an organ or tissue. The deficiency may be caused by diminished blood flow either through a regional artery or throughout the circulation. Ischemia is the result of underlying conditions primarily related to lifestyle

Answer 22

ischemia

Question 23

necrosis (death of tissue) usually resulting from deficient or absent blood supply

Answer 23

gangrene

Question 24

loss of blood via bleeding that lasts more than a few minutes, compromise organ or tissue perfusion or threaten life

Answer 24

hemorrhage

Question 25

Hardening of the arteries disease of the arterial vessels marked by thickening and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls

Answer 25

atherosclerosis

Question 26

a sudden obstruction of the blood vessel from foreign objects, blood clots, and other bodily substances

Answer 26

embolism

Question 27

formation of a blood clot

Answer 27

thrombosis

Question 28

blood or bloody fluid in the pleural cavity caused by rupture of blood vessels resulting from inflammation of the lungs in pneumonia or pulmonary tuberculosis, lung cance, or trauma

Answer 28

hemothorax

Question 29

accumulation of blood in the pericardium (sac enclosing the heart)

Answer 29

hemopericardium

Question 30

bleeding into or blood in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 30

hemoperitoneum

Question 31

the expectoration (coughing up) of blood arising from the arising from the larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs

Answer 31

hemoptysis

Question 32

vomiting of blood

Answer 32

hematemesis

Question 33

hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed

Answer 33

epitaxis

Question 34

Low hemoglobin or reduced ability to deliver oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body via red blood cells

Answer 34

primary and secondary anemia

Question 35

condition caused by too many white blood cells (which fight infections and disease) are frequently associated with infection, inflammation, tissue damage, immune reactions, medication, or stress--usually bacterial.

Answer 35

leukocytosis

Question 36

decrease in white blood cells below a count of 5000/mm3

Answer 36

leucopenia

Question 37

cancer of the blood cells described by an abnormal amount of white blood cells

Answer 37

leukemia

Question 38

cancer of the blood where bone marrow produces too many red blood cells and characterized by increased level of red blood cells circulating in the blood

Answer 38

polycythemia

Question 39

inherited bleeding disorder characterized by a scarcity of blood clotting proteins

Answer 39

hemophilia

Question 40

stretching of the muscle fibers of the heart because of disease, normal occurrence or artificial causes

Answer 40

dilatation

Question 41

increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its cells

Answer 41

hypertrophy

Question 42

a rash with purple or red spots on the skin or mucus membranes

Answer 42

purpura

Question 43

the complete closure of a vessel by a gas, liquid, or a solid. Complete obstruction.

Answer 43

occlusion

Question 44

Commonly known as a "heart attack" is decreased or complete cessation of blood flow to the myocardium and often the result of coronary artery disease

Answer 44

myocardium infarction

Question 45

abnormal contraction or narrowing of a body passage or opening

Answer 45

stenosis

Question 46

drooping or falling down of the blood vessels

Answer 46

vascular prolapse

Question 47

inflammation, infection of the lining of heart valves

Answer 47

endocarditis

Question 48

inability of the heart to function at the capacity the body needs resulting in fatigue, weakness, irregular heartbeat

Answer 48

acute heart failure

Question 49

inflammation of the heart muscle often caused by infection or a drug reaction that reduces the heart's ability to pump

Answer 49

myocarditis

Question 50

plaque build-up inside blood vessels; form or arteriosclerosis

Answer 50

atherosclerosis

Question 51

general term for hardening of the arteries which can take many forms including atherosclerosis

Answer 51

arteriosclerosis

Question 52

formation of blood clot within blood vessels

Answer 52

thrombosis

Question 53

abrupt obstruction of a blood vessel

Answer 53

embolism

Question 54

local dilation, enlargement of a blood vessel

Answer 54

aneurysm

Question 55

enlarged, twisted veins commonly found in the legs

Answer 55

varicose veins

Question 56

inflammation of a vein, most frequently occurs in the legs, but can core

Answer 56

phlebitis

Question 57

inflammation of the arteries that damages blood cell walls reducing blood flow to organs

Answer 57

arteritis