Module 1 Terminology & Theory

Question 1

What is the definition of motor development?

Answer 1

Study of change in motor behavior over time, including typical trajectories of behavior across the lifespan, the processes that underlie the changes we see, and factors that influence motor behavior

Question 2

What are the 3 domains of human development?

Answer 2

cognitive, social, and motor

Question 3

What does age appropriate mean?

Answer 3

Reflects trajectory of skills and behavior at any particular age; usually given as a range (i.e. 10-12 months)

Question 4

What is individual appropriate?

Answer 4

Reflects part in one’s life influenced by innate capacities, as well as experiences and context and culturally defined roles

Question 5

What is chronological age?

Answer 5

Time that has elapsed since birth

Question 6

What is corrected age?

Answer 6

Time since birth minus gestation

Question 7

What is maturation?

Answer 7

Full or maximal development of specific biological processes; do NOT use/outdated term

Question 8

What is cephalocaudal?

Answer 8

Tendency for early embryonic/fetal growth, development, and early motor skill control to emerge from head to tail

Question 9

What is proximodistal

Answer 9

Tendency for early embryonic/fetal growth, development, and early motor skill control to emerge from the center - outward

Question 10

What is differentiation?

Answer 10

Progression from gross to more precise and well-controlled movement patterns

Question 11

What is integration?

Answer 11

Process of combining simpler movement components into more complex behaviors

Question 12

What is the process of behavior?

Answer 12

The movement trajectory and/or the behavioral pattern that causes a particular outcome

Question 13

What is the product of behavior?

Answer 13

Accomplishment of goal and/or measurable outcome

Question 14

What is an example of a qualitative component of developmental change?

Answer 14

First steps - over time, they spent more time in standing and moving along the couch or walking with dog but holding onto dog.

Question 15

What are qualitative vs. quantitative components of developmental change?

Answer 15

Qualitative: subjective; how change is occurring
Quantitative: objective measurements

Question 16

What is an example of a quantitative component of developmental change?

Answer 16

How many steps is the infant performing each day? (Assisted and cruising steps)

Question 17

What are the 6 components of developmental change?

Answer 17

1. Qualitative and quantitative
2. Trends may be sequential
3. Cumulative
4. Our systems strive toward optimization
5. Multifactorial influence behaviors
6. Individual

Question 18

When is the embryonic time period of prenatal?

Answer 18

Conception to 8 weeks

Question 19

When is the fetal time period of prenatal?

Answer 19

8 weeks to birth

Question 20

When is the neonatal period of infancy?

Answer 20

Birth to 1 month

Question 21

When is the infancy period?

Answer 21

Birth to 1 year (or until they walk)

Question 22

When is toddlerhood?

Answer 22

1-2 years

Question 23

When is early childhood?

Answer 23

2-5 years/preschool

Question 24

When is middle childhood? When is late childhood?

Answer 24

Middle: 5-7 years
Late: 7-9.5 years (or puberty onset)

Question 25

What is adolescence to frail elder mostly based on?

Answer 25

Social behaviors

Question 26

What is the neurophysiological theory of development?

Answer 26

Way to assess child's development in different means; to establish developmental norms. Extensive list of behaviors produced by infants and children to understand how they began to sit independently, etc.

Question 27

What are some limitations of the neurophysiological theory of development?

Answer 27

Each child is different - ages are more guidelines but not set in stone Doesn't take skipped stages into account Assumption that biological responses take over experience

Question 28

Why is the neurophysiological theory beneficial?

Answer 28

Provides general perspective on when to become concerned as clinicians

Question 29

What is the dynamic systems theory?

Answer 29

Movement patterns emerge as a function of the ever-changing constraints and affordances experienced; significant application across many disciplines

Question 30

What are the limitations of the dynamic systems theory?

Answer 30

All components are equally important/none considered the #1 priority for causing/controlling movement Ex: See a stroke patient once a week and have to choose a few things to focus on - what do you pick?