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PSYC1020 - Module One > Module 1: The nervous system > Flashcards

Module 1: The nervous system Flashcards

General brain structures and their functions

1
Q

The nervous system consists of:

A
  1. The Central Nervous System

2. The Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

The Central Nervous System consists of:

A
  1. The brain

2. The spine

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3
Q

The CNS main function is to:

A

process & organise information

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4
Q

Which part of the CNS carries out reflexes?

A

spinal cord

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5
Q

What are the two functions of the spinal cord?

A
  1. transmit sensory information from sensory neurons to the brain
  2. transmit motor commands to the muscles and organs via motor neurons
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6
Q

Sensory information enters through which side of the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal (the back)

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7
Q

Motor impulses exit through which side of the spinal cord?

A

Ventral (the front)

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8
Q

Spinal tact (axons in the spinal cord) do what?

A

carry impulses to and from the brain

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9
Q

How many bundles of axons are outside the spinal cord and what do they do?

A

31 pairs. Carry information from the cord out to the periphery.

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10
Q

What are the three sections of the brain?

A

Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

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11
Q

What are the main parts of the hindbrain?

A

Medulla oblongata, PONS, Cerebellum, Reticular formation

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12
Q

What are the two main parts of the midbrain?

A

Tectum and Tegmentum

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13
Q

What are the main parts of the forebrain?

A

Basal, Ganglia, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic System, & Cerebral cortex

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14
Q

The three parts of the limbic system:

A

Hippocampus, amygdala, septal area

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15
Q

The 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex are:

A

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

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16
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for complex sensory, emotional, cognitive & behavioural processess?

A

The Forebrain

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17
Q

Which part of the brain helps humans learn to approach/avoid stimuli associated with pleasure/reward?

A

The midbrain

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18
Q

Which part of the brain links the spinal cord to the brain and is responsible for sustaining life (air & blood supply) and regulating arousal levels?

A

The hindbrain

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19
Q

The tectums main functions are:

A

vision & hearing

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20
Q

Which part of the midbrain is also part of the reticular formation?

A

the tegmentum

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21
Q

The tegmentums main functions are:

A

movement & arousal

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22
Q

Where is the substantia nigra located?

A

in the tegmentum in the midbrain

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23
Q

Low dopamine in the tegmentum is associated with which disease/illness?

A

Parkinson’s

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24
Q

Which area of the brain is responsible for movements & judgements that re mostly unconscious?

A

Basal Ganglia

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25
Q

The limbic system is associated with:

A

emotion, motivation, learning & memory

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26
Q

The main function of the hypothalamus is

A

homeostasis

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27
Q

Which part of the brain regulates behaviour (sleeping, eating, sexual activity, & emotion)

A

the hypothalamus

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28
Q

What two systems does the hypothalamus link

A

the central nervous system and the endocrine system

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29
Q

What is the amygdala associated with?

A

emotional processes, learning and remembering emotionally significant events, fear responses.

30
Q

The main function of the hippocampus is:

A

memory

31
Q

What is the nuclei above the hypothalamus called?

A

Thalamus

32
Q

Which part of the brain is the ‘switchboard’ that processes sensory information and transmits it to higher brain centres?

A

the thalamus

33
Q

The cerebral cortex makes up what % of brain mass?

A

82%

34
Q

The hills of the cerebral cortex are called ___ and the valleys are called ___

A

gyri/gyrus & sulci/sulcus

35
Q

The main functions of the cerebral cortex:

A
  1. sequence of voluntary movements (eg changing a tyre, playing piano)
  2. subtle discrimination of complex sensory patterns
  3. symbolic thought process
36
Q

PRIMARY areas of the cerebral cortex:

A

process raw sensory information (except in the frontal lobes)

37
Q

ASSOCIATION areas of the cerebral cortex:

A

are involved in complex mental processes

38
Q

The motor cortex is located in which part of the cerebral cortex?

A

Frontal lobe

39
Q

The role of the motor cortex is:

A

to send messages TO regions of the body

40
Q

The role of the somatosensory cortex is:

A

to bring messages FROM parts of the body

41
Q

Problem solving takes place in the:

A

frontal lobe

42
Q

Broca’s area is located in the ____ lobe and is responsible for ____

A

frontal lobe

speech production

43
Q

The temporal lobes main functions are:

A

auditory, language comprehension, memory & information retrieval

44
Q

Wernicke’s area is located in the ___ and is responsible for ___

A

temporal lobe

language comprehension

45
Q

Damage or lesions to Wernickes area results in

A

‘word salad’

46
Q

The somatosensory cortex is located in the

A

parietal lobe

47
Q

Body orientation and Sensory discrimination happens in which part of the cerebral cortex?

A

the parietal lobe

48
Q

The occipital lobe is responsible for:

A

sight/visual

49
Q

Damage to what part of the brain is the main cause of coma?

A

Reticular Formation

50
Q

A diffuse network of neurons that maintains consciousness, regulates arousal and modulates activity of neurons throughout the CNS is known as:

A

the reticular formation

51
Q

The “little brain” is the

A

cerebellum

52
Q

The cerebellums main functions involve:

A

balance, coordination of fine motor and some perception/cognition

53
Q

The lowest part of the brain stem is

A

the medulla oblongata

54
Q

The part of the brain that links the brain to the spinal cord is called:

A

the medulla oblongata

55
Q

At what part of the brain does axons cross from right side of the body to left side of the brain (and vice versa)?

A

the medulla oblongata

56
Q

Which part of the brain is essential to life and cannot survive destruction?

A

The medulla oblongata

57
Q

The medulla oblongata main function is

A

to control functions outside conscious control (heartbeat, respiration, circulation)

58
Q

The PONS is

A

fibres that link the medulla oblongata & cerebellum with the upper brain stem

59
Q

The putamen & caudate nucleus is located in what part of the brain?

A

basal ganglia

60
Q

The peripheral nervous system does what?

A

conveys messages to and from the CNS via neurons

61
Q

What system is sometimes referred to as the ‘voluntary system’?

A

The somatic nervous system

62
Q

Transmission of sensory information and carrying out motor commands are the main function of what?

A

The somatic nervous system

63
Q

The peripheral nervous system consists of the ____ nervous system and the ____ nervous system

A

somatic and autonomic

64
Q

Sensory neurons in the somatic nervous system receives information through receptors located where?

A

in the eyes, ears, tongue, skin, muscles etc

65
Q

Reflex arcs are

A

immediate monosynaptic reactions that bypass the brain (knee jerk reactions)

66
Q

What kind of neuron directs the action of skeletal muscles?

A

Motor neurons

67
Q

The autonomic nervous system consists of the ____ nervous system and the ____ nervous system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

68
Q

The sympathetic nervous system is associated with ___ & ___ resposnses

A

fight & flight

69
Q

The parasympathetic nervous system is associated with __ & __ responses

A

rest & reset

70
Q

Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for routine activities such as secreting saliva, eliminating wastes & regulating blood sugar levels?

A

The parasympathetic

71
Q

Which system prepares the body for emergencies by redirecting blood/oxygen to muscles?

A

The sympathetic

72
Q

Increase in heart rate, dilated pupils and erect hairs are symptoms of what?

A

activation of the sympathetic nervous system

PSYC1020 - Module One (2 decks)

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