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PSYC1020 - Module One > Module 1: The nervous system > Flashcards

Module 1: The nervous system Flashcards

General brain structures and their functions (72 cards)

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1
Q

The nervous system consists of:

A
  1. The Central Nervous System

2. The Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

The Central Nervous System consists of:

A
  1. The brain

2. The spine

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3
Q

The CNS main function is to:

A

process & organise information

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4
Q

Which part of the CNS carries out reflexes?

A

spinal cord

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5
Q

What are the two functions of the spinal cord?

A
  1. transmit sensory information from sensory neurons to the brain
  2. transmit motor commands to the muscles and organs via motor neurons
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6
Q

Sensory information enters through which side of the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal (the back)

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7
Q

Motor impulses exit through which side of the spinal cord?

A

Ventral (the front)

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8
Q

Spinal tact (axons in the spinal cord) do what?

A

carry impulses to and from the brain

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9
Q

How many bundles of axons are outside the spinal cord and what do they do?

A

31 pairs. Carry information from the cord out to the periphery.

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10
Q

What are the three sections of the brain?

A

Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain

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11
Q

What are the main parts of the hindbrain?

A

Medulla oblongata, PONS, Cerebellum, Reticular formation

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12
Q

What are the two main parts of the midbrain?

A

Tectum and Tegmentum

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13
Q

What are the main parts of the forebrain?

A

Basal, Ganglia, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Limbic System, & Cerebral cortex

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14
Q

The three parts of the limbic system:

A

Hippocampus, amygdala, septal area

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15
Q

The 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex are:

A

frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

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16
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for complex sensory, emotional, cognitive & behavioural processess?

A

The Forebrain

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17
Q

Which part of the brain helps humans learn to approach/avoid stimuli associated with pleasure/reward?

A

The midbrain

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18
Q

Which part of the brain links the spinal cord to the brain and is responsible for sustaining life (air & blood supply) and regulating arousal levels?

A

The hindbrain

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19
Q

The tectums main functions are:

A

vision & hearing

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20
Q

Which part of the midbrain is also part of the reticular formation?

A

the tegmentum

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21
Q

The tegmentums main functions are:

A

movement & arousal

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22
Q

Where is the substantia nigra located?

A

in the tegmentum in the midbrain

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23
Q

Low dopamine in the tegmentum is associated with which disease/illness?

A

Parkinson’s

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24
Q

Which area of the brain is responsible for movements & judgements that re mostly unconscious?

A

Basal Ganglia

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25
The limbic system is associated with:
emotion, motivation, learning & memory
26
The main function of the hypothalamus is
homeostasis
27
Which part of the brain regulates behaviour (sleeping, eating, sexual activity, & emotion)
the hypothalamus
28
What two systems does the hypothalamus link
the central nervous system and the endocrine system
29
What is the amygdala associated with?
emotional processes, learning and remembering emotionally significant events, fear responses.
30
The main function of the hippocampus is:
memory
31
What is the nuclei above the hypothalamus called?
Thalamus
32
Which part of the brain is the 'switchboard' that processes sensory information and transmits it to higher brain centres?
the thalamus
33
The cerebral cortex makes up what % of brain mass?
82%
34
The hills of the cerebral cortex are called ___ and the valleys are called ___
gyri/gyrus & sulci/sulcus
35
The main functions of the cerebral cortex:
1. sequence of voluntary movements (eg changing a tyre, playing piano) 2. subtle discrimination of complex sensory patterns 3. symbolic thought process
36
PRIMARY areas of the cerebral cortex:
process raw sensory information (except in the frontal lobes)
37
ASSOCIATION areas of the cerebral cortex:
are involved in complex mental processes
38
The motor cortex is located in which part of the cerebral cortex?
Frontal lobe
39
The role of the motor cortex is:
to send messages TO regions of the body
40
The role of the somatosensory cortex is:
to bring messages FROM parts of the body
41
Problem solving takes place in the:
frontal lobe
42
Broca's area is located in the ____ lobe and is responsible for ____
frontal lobe | speech production
43
The temporal lobes main functions are:
auditory, language comprehension, memory & information retrieval
44
Wernicke's area is located in the ___ and is responsible for ___
temporal lobe | language comprehension
45
Damage or lesions to Wernickes area results in
'word salad'
46
The somatosensory cortex is located in the
parietal lobe
47
Body orientation and Sensory discrimination happens in which part of the cerebral cortex?
the parietal lobe
48
The occipital lobe is responsible for:
sight/visual
49
Damage to what part of the brain is the main cause of coma?
Reticular Formation
50
A diffuse network of neurons that maintains consciousness, regulates arousal and modulates activity of neurons throughout the CNS is known as:
the reticular formation
51
The "little brain" is the
cerebellum
52
The cerebellums main functions involve:
balance, coordination of fine motor and some perception/cognition
53
The lowest part of the brain stem is
the medulla oblongata
54
The part of the brain that links the brain to the spinal cord is called:
the medulla oblongata
55
At what part of the brain does axons cross from right side of the body to left side of the brain (and vice versa)?
the medulla oblongata
56
Which part of the brain is essential to life and cannot survive destruction?
The medulla oblongata
57
The medulla oblongata main function is
to control functions outside conscious control (heartbeat, respiration, circulation)
58
The PONS is
fibres that link the medulla oblongata & cerebellum with the upper brain stem
59
The putamen & caudate nucleus is located in what part of the brain?
basal ganglia
60
The peripheral nervous system does what?
conveys messages to and from the CNS via neurons
61
What system is sometimes referred to as the 'voluntary system'?
The somatic nervous system
62
Transmission of sensory information and carrying out motor commands are the main function of what?
The somatic nervous system
63
The peripheral nervous system consists of the ____ nervous system and the ____ nervous system
somatic and autonomic
64
Sensory neurons in the somatic nervous system receives information through receptors located where?
in the eyes, ears, tongue, skin, muscles etc
65
Reflex arcs are
immediate monosynaptic reactions that bypass the brain (knee jerk reactions)
66
What kind of neuron directs the action of skeletal muscles?
Motor neurons
67
The autonomic nervous system consists of the ____ nervous system and the ____ nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
68
The sympathetic nervous system is associated with ___ & ___ resposnses
fight & flight
69
The parasympathetic nervous system is associated with __ & __ responses
rest & reset
70
Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for routine activities such as secreting saliva, eliminating wastes & regulating blood sugar levels?
The parasympathetic
71
Which system prepares the body for emergencies by redirecting blood/oxygen to muscles?
The sympathetic
72
Increase in heart rate, dilated pupils and erect hairs are symptoms of what?
activation of the sympathetic nervous system

PSYC1020 - Module One (2 decks)

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