Module 1- Vocabulary Flashcards
(34 cards)
Linguistic competence-
What we know when we know a language, the unconscious knowledge that a speaker has about her or his native language.
Linguistic performance-
The observable use of language.
Performance error-
Errors in language production or comprehension, including hesitations or slips of the tongue.
Speech communication chain-
Process in which information is communicated, consisting of an information source, transmitter, signal, receiver and destination.
Speech communication chain steps-
1.Think of what you want to communicate 2.Pick out words to express idea 3. Put words together in a certain order following rules. 4. Figure out how to pronounce these words. 5. Send those pronunciations to your vocal anatomy. 6. Speak. 7. Perceive: Listeners hear the sounds 8. Decode: Listener interprets sounds as language. 9. Connect: Listener receives communicated idea.
Noise-
Interference in the communication chain.
Lexicon-
Mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including form, meaning, morphological and synaptic properties.
Mental grammar-
The mental representation of grammar; the knowledge that a speaker has about the linguistic units and rules of his native language.
Language variation-
The property of languages having different ways to express the same meanings in different contexts according to factors such as geography, social class, and gender.
Descriptive grammar-
Objective description of a speaker’s knowledge of a language based on their use of the language.
Evidence that writing and language are not the same-
- Archaeological evidence 2. Writing must be taught 3. Writing can be edited 4. Neurolinguistic evidence
Reasons some people believe writing to be superior to speech-
- Writing can be edited 2. Writing must be taught 3. Writing is more physically stable
Prescriptive grammar-
A set of rules designed to give instructions regarding the socially embedded notion of the “correct” or “proper” way to speak or write.
Prescribe-
Use of rules and conventions to tell a speaker the way he should or shouldn’t use a language.
Charles Hackett’s nine design features-
- Communication 2. Semanticity 3. Pragmatic function 4. Interchangeability 5. Cultural transmission 6. Arbitrariness 7. Discreteness 8. Displacement 9. Productivity
Mode of communication-
Through which a message is transmitted for any given communication system.
Semanticity-
Property of having signals that convey a meaning, shared by all communication systems.
Pragmatic function-
The useful purpose of any given communication system.
Interchangeability-
The property of a communication system by which all individuals have the ability to both transmit and review messages.
Cultural transmission-
Property of a communication system referring to the fact that at least some aspects of it are learned through interaction with other users of the system.
Arbitrariness-
Refers to the fact that word’s meaning is not predictable from its linguistic form, nor is its form dictated by its meaning.
Linguistic sign-
The combination of a linguistic form and its meaning.
Convention-
Something that is established, commonly agreed upon, or operating in a certain way according to common practice
Nonarbitrariness-
Direct correspondence between the physical properties of a form and the meaning that the form refers to