Module 1.1

Question 1

Is a specific field of geosciences that addresses the origin, distribution, expiration, development, and production of oil and natural gas resources

Answer 1

Petroleum Geology

Question 2

Petroleum geology involves the analysis of __________ that are rich in organic matter—the source of oil and natural gas, geological structures and stratigraphic layers that permit accumulations of petroleum to form in the subsurface (_________), and the characteristics of porous subsurface rock formations that store oil and natural gas (petroleum reservoirs)

Answer 2

Source rocks
Traps and Seals
Petroleum Reservoirs

Question 3

The source of oil and natural gas

Answer 3

Organic matter

Question 4

Geological structures and stratigraphic layers that permit accumulations of petroleum to form in the subsurface

Answer 4

Traps and seals

Question 5

The characteristics of pores subsurface rock formations that store oil and natural gas

Answer 5

Petroleum reservoirs

Question 6

A term to calculate volumes of oil and natural gas that exist in different areas

Answer 6

Petroleum reserves estimates

Question 7

The _____ contains many references to the use of pitch or asphalt located from the natural sepages with which the middle east abounds

Answer 7

Bible

Question 8

What are the two classification of historical review of petroleum exploration

Answer 8

Petroleum from noah to opec
Evolution of petroleum exploration concepts and techniques

Question 9

In the bible what kind of petroleum is used in natural sepages

Answer 9

Pitch or asphalt

Question 10

He is a Greek historian who described oil seeps in carthage tunisia and the greek island Zachyntus

Answer 10

Herodotus

Question 11

He grace details of oil extraction from wells near Andericca in modern Iran, although the wells could not have been very deep because fluid was extracted in a wineskin.

Answer 11

Herodotus

Question 12

who invaded India and scattered Indian elephant corps by charging them with horsemen waving pots of burning pitch

Answer 12

Alexander the Great

Question 13

first weapon used in war

Answer 13

Petroleum

Question 14

A tactical and psychological weapon

Answer 14

Burning pitch

Question 15

he impregnates the humps of camels with oil and sent them against Indian elephant corps

Answer 15

Nadir Shah

Question 16

issued a patent to Master Eele, Hancock, and Porlock to make great quantities of pitch, tarr, and oyle out of a kind stone.

Answer 16

British Crown

Question 17

where does the first well in the western world located

Answer 17

Pechelbronn, France

Question 18

Pechelbronn, France is where the ________________ is located

Answer 18

First oil well in Europe

Question 19

who is credited to the birth of oil shale industry

Answer 19

James young

Question 20

The resultant product of these early refineries included ammonia, solid paraffin wax, and liquid paraffin (kerosene or coal oil)

Answer 20

birth of oil shale industry

Question 22

Where does james young retort oil from

Answer 22

Carboniferous shales at Torban, Scotland

Question 23

who invented Greek Fire

Answer 23

Callinicus of Heliopolis

Question 24

It is a flammable petroleum based liquid used in naval bottles

Answer 24

Greek fire

Question 25

1859 is the

Answer 25

Birth of Modern Oil Industry

Question 26

when is the Birth of Modern Oil Industry

Answer 26

1859

Question 27

Who drilled the first well to produce oil intentionally in the western world

Answer 27

Colonel Drake

Question 28

Where does colonel drake drill the first well in the western world

Answer 28

Oil Creeks, Pennsylvania

Question 29

Rise of Subsurface Exploration is what year

Answer 29

1870s and 1880s

Question 30

1870s and 1880s is what

Answer 30

Rise of subsurface explorations

Question 31

During this era oil became a critical source in industrialization and transportation

Answer 31

Rise of Subsurface Exploration (1870s and 1880s)

Question 32

1920's and 1930s are what era

Answer 32

Seven sisters and global oil dominance

Question 33

Seven sisters and global oil dominance happened on

Answer 33

1920s and 1930s

Question 34

In 1920s the oil industry was dominated by seven major companies termed the

Answer 34

Seven sisters

Question 35

Who termed the seven sisters

Answer 35

Enrico Mattei

Question 36

What does the american companies used as their unit of measurement

Answer 36

Barrels

Question 37

In 1930s this company evolved from a consortium of Socal, Texaco, Mobil, and Exxon

Answer 37

Arabian-American Oil Company (Aramco, now Saudi Aramco)

Question 38

when did Aramco evolved

Answer 38

1930s

Question 39

This is the era where monopolization of all resources happened

Answer 39

Seven sisters and global oil dominance

Question 40

OPEC was found on

Answer 40

1960

Question 41

OPEC means

Answer 41

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Question 42

OPEC was found at

Answer 42

Baghdah

Question 43

Opec countries initially

Answer 43

Iran Iraq Kuwait Saudi Arabia Venezuela

Question 44

They regulate production and stabilize oil prices

Answer 44

OPEC

Question 45

Mid 1970s OPEC was producing ____ of the free world's oil

Answer 45

2/3

Question 46

when does Influence of OPEC in global oil industry and global issues occured

Answer 46

mid 1970s

Question 47

One of the earliest exploration tools was _________. It gradually dawned on the early drillers that oil was more often found by wells located on river bottoms than by those on hills.

Answer 47

Creekology

Question 48

are caused by variations in deposition, erosion, or diagenesis within the reservoir.

Answer 48

Stratigraphic traps

Question 49

Chemical alteration of sediments

Answer 49

Diagenesis

Question 50

Through the latter part of the 19th century and early part of the 20th oil exploration was based on the ______ of _____

Answer 50

Surface mapping of anticlines

Question 51

The study of ______________ in late 1950s and early 1960s gave new insights into ancient sedimentary facies and their interpretation

Answer 51

modern sedimentary environments

Question 52

One of the main applications of oil exploration was the development of _____________. The study of modern sedimentary environments in late 1950s and early 1960s gave new insights into ancient sedimentary facies and their interpretation

Answer 52

Micropaleontology

Question 53

The 1970s saw major advances on two fronts

Answer 53

Geophysics Geochemistry

Question 54

became more and more like geological cross sections until stratigraphic graphic and environmental concepts were directly applicable

Answer 54

Seismic lines

Question 55

In 1980's increasing computing power led to the development of _________ that enabled seismic sections of the earth's crust to be displayed in any orientation including horizontal

Answer 55

3d seismic surveys

Question 56

3D seismic surveys developed in what year

Answer 56

1980s

Question 57

Most petroleum geologists believe that petroleum forms from the ________ of buried organic matter and note that it is indigenous to ______ rocks rather than igneous rocks.

Answer 57

diagenesis Sedimentary

Question 58

Five conditions to be fulfilled

Answer 58

Source rock Thermal Maturity Reservoir rock Trap/seal Trap formation

Question 59

There must be an organic rich ________ to generate the oil or gas

Answer 59

Source rock

Question 60

The source rock must have been heated sufficiently to yield its petroleum

Answer 60

Thermal maturity

Question 61

There must be a reservoir to contain the expelled hydrocarbons this reservoir must have porosity to contain the oil and gas and permeability to permit fluid flow

Answer 61

Reservoir rock

Question 62

The reservoir must be sealed by an impermeable cap rock to prevent the upward escape of petroleum to the earth's surface

Answer 62

Trap/seal

Question 63

Source reservoir and seal must be arranged in such a way as to trap the petroleum

Answer 63

Trap formation