Module 11: Corrections

Question 1

Imprisonment rate

Answer 1

since 1984 imprisonment rate has more than doubled

argues that increasing imprisonment rates are a function of increased puntitiveness rather than increasing crime

Question 2

Imprisonment types: Sex

Answer 2

men are more likely
approx 92% of prison population is male
12 x the imprisonment rate of females

Question 3

imprisonment types: Age

Answer 3

younger people
77% of prisoners aged 20 -44
prisoner population is greying

Question 4

Greying

Answer 4

Prison population is greying due to entering prison later in life and serving longer

Question 5

Imprisonment types: indigenous

Answer 5

overrepresentation in prison
2.5% of general population but 28% of prisoner population
14 x higher than non indigenous

Question 6

Imprisonment factors: other characteristics

Answer 6

from social and economical marginalized backgrounds
many unemployed
low levels of education and history of under acheivement
limited employabale skills and work experience
history of mental illness and drug use
many female prisoners have histories of sexual, physical and emotional abuse

Question 7

Sentencing: unsentenced

Answer 7

almost a quarter of prisoners are unsentenced

23% of prisoners were either on remand or had been convicted but awaiting sentence

Question 8

sentenced prisoners

Answer 8

most likely serving sentence of 1-5 years, only 3% of prisoners were serving life sentences

Question 9

Female imprisonment

Answer 9

increasing trend for female prisoners to be incarcerated for violent offences
17% of the offender that go down for drugs

Question 10

Previous sentences

Answer 10

2/3 of prisoners have had a previous prison sentence
1/4 of prisons receive a further conviction after 3 months of release
within 2 years of released, 35-41% will be reincarcerated

Question 11

Therapeutic programs

Answer 11

australian prisons have introduced therapeutic programs

Question 12

Prison Privatization

Answer 12

private prisons have increasingly been a feature of corection services
australia’s first private prison opened in 1990 in QLD
commerical business
cheaper to operate
19% australia prisons are private prisons

Question 13

Private Prisons

Answer 13

construction
management and provision of service
PPP model

Question 14

PPP model

Answer 14

company tenders to build and operate the prison, government then pays for service

Question 15

Types of punishment

Answer 15

custodial and non custodial

Question 16

Types of punishment - custodial

Answer 16

imprisonment

Question 17

Types of punishment - non custodial

Answer 17

3 types
self regulatory
financial
supervisory

Question 18

Types of punishment - non custodial - self regulatory

Answer 18

adminished and discharged

good behaviour bonds

Question 19

Types of punishment - non custodial - financial

Answer 19

fines
compensation
restitution

Question 20

Types of punishment - non custodial - supervisory

Answer 20

probation
community service
home detention

Question 21

Community based corrections

Answer 21

most common are supervisory

penalties are probation and community service

Question 22

Probation

Answer 22

offender is under supervison of probation officer for a period of time order by court

Question 23

Community service

Answer 23

offender is to perform a specified number of hours supervised, unpaid community work

Question 24

Decarceration Thesis

Answer 24

an increase in the use of community based corrections will result in decreased use of custodial sentences

Question 25

Why prison populations have continued to increase

Answer 25

community based sanctions are being used in addition to prison sentences not as alternative

Question 26

Correctional staff

Answer 26

routine interactions can shape behaviour

prison guards interactions with inmates can be reshaped to encourage prosociality