Module 1.2:

Question 1

Describe the organ systems of the human body and their major components.

Answer 1

Integumentary system: hair, skin, nails

skeletal system: bones, joints

muscular system: skeletal muscles

nervous system: brain, spinal cord, nerves

endocrine system: pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland(cranial region), thyroid gland(cervical region), thymus gland(sternal region), adrenal glands, pancreas(abdominal region), ovaries/testes

lymphatic system: tonsils, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, lymphatic vessels

cardiovascular system: heart, blood vessels

respiratory system: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs

disestive system: mouth, salvary glands, esophagus, liver, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, small&large intestines

urinary system: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

reproductive system
- male: prostate gland, ductus deferens, testis, penis
- female: mammary glands, ovary, uterine tube, uterus, vagina

Question 2

The condition​ hypothyroidism is char​acterized by a decrease in the synthesis and secretion of the chemical thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland, an organ in the neck that is part of the endocrine system. Explain how this condition involves all levels of organization in the body.​​

Answer 2

It involves the chemical thyroid hormone made by cells in the tissues of the organ the thyroid gland.

This gland is part of the endocrine system The entire organism can be affected by this condition.

Question 3

Explain the major function of integumentary system.

Answer 3

• Protects the body from the external environment
• Produces vitamin D
• Retains water
• Regulates body temperature

Question 4

Explain the major function of skeletal system.·

Answer 4

supports the body
protects internal organs
provides leverage for movement
produces blood cells
stores calcium salts

Question 5

Explain the major function of muscular system

Answer 5

produces movement
controls body openings
generates heat

Question 6

Explain the major function of nervous system

Answer 6

• Regulates body functions
• Provides for sensation, movement, automatic functions and higher mental functions via nerve impulses

Question 7

Explain the major function of endocrine system

Answer 7

• Regulates body functions
• Regulates the functions of muscles, glands and other tissues through the secretion of chemicals called hormones

Question 8

Explain the major function of cardiovascular system

Answer 8

• Pumps and delivers oxygne-poor blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to the tissues
• Removes wastes from the tissues
• Transports cells, nutrients and other substances

Question 9

Explain the major function of reporductive system(female)

Answer 9

• Produces and transports oocytes(eggs)
• Sites of fetal development, fetal nourishment, childbirth and lactation
• Secretes hormones
• Sexual function

Question 10

Explain the major function of reproductive system(male)

Answer 10

• Produces and transports sperm
• Secretes hormones
• Sexual function

Question 11

Explain the major function of urinary system

Answer 11

• Removes metabolic wastes from the blood
• Maintain fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance
• Stimulate blood cell production

Question 12

Explain the major function of digestive system

Answer 12

• Digests food
• Absorbs nutrients into the blood
• Removes food wastes
• Maintains fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance

Question 13

Explain the major function of respiratory system

Answer 13

• Delivers oxygen to the blood
• Removes carbon dioxide from the body
• Maintains the acid-base balance of the blood

Question 14

Explain the major function of lymphatic system

Answer 14

• Returns excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system
• Provides immunity(protection against disease)