module 12

Question 1

what is a sedimentary basin?

Answer 1

a synclinal depression in the earth’s crust containing a thick sequence of sedimentary rocks

Question 2

what is a sedimentary basin?

Answer 2

a synclinal depression in the earth’s crust containing a thick sequence of sedimentary rocks

Question 3

Name some basins in WCSB

Answer 3

Pacific Basin, Alberta Basin, Athabasca Basin, Precambrian Shield, Mackenzie Basins, Wiliston Basin, Intramontane Basins

Question 4

The plate tectonic theory explains where to find these sedimentary basins based on their (two things)

Answer 4

Physiographic Position 1)continental 2)oceanic 3)transitional between these two
Type of Plate Boundary 1)divergent 2)convergent 3)transform

Question 5

What are three basin types?

Answer 5

Intraplate basins (pre-rift)
Divergent - margin basin (syn-rift)
Intraplate basins (post-rift)

Question 6

What are the two types of Intraplate basins (pre-rift)

And what type of tectonic plate boundary exists there?

Answer 6

Intracratonic Basins (interior sag basins)
Divergent tectonics
Graben structures (interior fracture basins)
–Divergent tectonics

Question 7

What is the type of basin in a divergent-margin basin (syn-rift)
And what type of tectonic plate boundary exists there?

Answer 7

Rift basin

–Divergence tectonics

Question 8

What are the two types of basins in a Intraplate basins (post-rift)
And what type of tectonic plate boundary exists there?

Answer 8

Divergent continental margins
Oceanic sag basins
–Divergent tectonics

Question 9

What are six basin types?

Answer 9

Intraplate basins (pre-rift)
Divergent - margin basin (syn-rift)
Intraplate basins (post-rift)
Convergent-margin Basins
Collision and post-collision basin

Question 10

What are the two types of Intraplate basins (pre-rift)

And what type of tectonic plate boundary exists there?

Answer 10

Intracratonic Basins (interior sag basins)
–continenal / Divergent tectonics
Graben structures (interior fracture basins)
–continenal / Divergent tectonics

Question 11

What is the type of basin in a divergent-margin basin (syn-rift)
And what type of tectonic plate boundary exists there?

Answer 11

Rift basin

–transitional/oceanic / Divergence tectonics

Question 12

What are the two types of basins in a Intraplate basins (post-rift)
And what type of tectonic plate boundary exists there?

Answer 12

Divergent continental margins
–transitional / divergence
Oceanic sag basins
–oceanic / Divergent tectonics

Question 13

What are the five types of basins in a Convergent-margin basin?
And what type of tectonic plate boundary exists there?

Answer 13

Subduction zones
--oceanic / convergence
Forearc, interarc, intra-arc backarc basins
--transitional / oceanic divergence
Retoarc foreland systems
--continental / flexural
Proarc foreland systems
--oceanic / flexural
Piggyback basin
--continenal / convergence

Question 14

What is the one basin that is Symmetric?

Answer 14

Forearc basin

Question 15

What is the one basin that is Symmetric?

Answer 15

Forearc basin

Question 16

What are the three types of basins in a Collision and post-collision basin?
And what type tectonic plate boundary exists there?

Answer 16

Remnant Basins(paleo-trenches)
--oceanic / convergence
Intramontane Basins(thrust-fold belts)
--continental / divergence
Foreland systems (pro/retro)
--Continental / flexural

Question 17

What are six basin types?

Answer 17

Intraplate basins (pre-rift)
Divergent - margin basin (syn-rift)
Intraplate basins (post-rift)
Convergent-margin Basins
Collision and post-collision basin
Transform and transcurrent-fault (strike-slip) basin

Question 18

What are the three types of basins in a Collision and post-collision basin?
And what type tectonic plate boundary exists there?

Answer 18

Remnant Basins(paleo-trenches)
--oceanic / convergence
Intramontane Basins(thrust-fold belts)
--continental / divergence
Foreland systems (pro/retro)
--Continental / flexural

Question 19

What is the type of basin in a Transform - and transcurrent fault (strike-dip basin)

Answer 19

Pull-apart basins

– continental/oceanic / transtension

Question 20

What characteristics within a sedimentary basin are of economic importance?

Answer 20

• Basin physiography
• Sedimentary supply
• depositional environments
• architecture of depositional system
• subsidence rate
• burial depth and burial history
• geothermal gradient

Question 21

large-scale basins form over long periods of time because of what?

Answer 21

Cooling and heating of the lithosphere

Question 22

Describe a heated lithosphere

Answer 22

expands and becomes less dense because of underlying mantle. Results in uplift which is followed by an erosion event.

Question 23

Describe a cool lithosphere

Answer 23

it subsides and forms a depression which fills with sediment. Additional loading of sediments causes additional subsidence (over millions of years)

Question 24

Describe a cool lithosphere

Answer 24

it subsides and forms a depression which fills with sediment. Additional loading of sediments causes additional subsidence (over millions of years)

Question 25

How do Divergent boundary (tensional) basins form?

Answer 25

Form in an early stage of Continental rift basins Examples: east african rift and baikal rift form in later stage of the marine passive margin basins example: gulf of mexico and north sea

Question 26

what are Four ways convergent boundary basins (compressional) are formed

Answer 26

In foreland basins. EX: WCSB in forearc and backarc basins. EX:japan basin Form due to crustal loading. ex:michigan basin form due to vertical crustal movements. EX: Cali strike-slip basin

Question 27

what are Four ways convergent boundary basins (compressional) are formed

Answer 27

In foreland basins. EX: WCSB in forearc and backarc basins. EX:japan basin Form due to crustal loading. ex:michigan basin Form due to vertical crustal movements. EX: Cali strike-slip basin

Question 28

what is regional crustal subsidence?

Answer 28

subsidence due to local sediment loading (delivered by major river systems) on the crust which creates a slight deformation and opens accommodation space for further sediment loading. ex: gulf of mexico and Mississippi River

Question 29

what are some rift basin characterisitics

Answer 29

- good examples of divergent boundary basins - bounded by normal faults - length up to several thousand km - almost always in divergent plate boundaries

Question 30

Drift basins evolve into?

Answer 30

Passive margins

Question 31

Continental rifting may lead to what?

Answer 31

an opening of an ocean with a mid-ocean ridge

Question 32

what kind of deposits does a rift-fill commonly comprise of?

Answer 32

fluvial , lacustrine, alluvial fans

Question 33

When do evaporties form in a rift valley/basin

Answer 33

when they are located in a hot and dry area when they are invaded by the sea when they are in a closed-drainage basin

Question 34

what can continued rifting lead to?

Answer 34

formation of oceanic crust by opening of ocean basin example = red sea

Question 35

When do evaporities form in a rift valley/basin

Answer 35

when they are located in a hot and dry area when they are invaded by the sea when they are in a closed-drainage basin

Question 36

what can continued rifting lead to?

Answer 36

formation of oceanic crust by opening of ocean basin example = red sea

Question 37

examples of retro-arc foreland basins

Answer 37

persian gulf; WCSB

Question 38

examples forearc basins

Answer 38

great valley sequence

Question 39

how do forearc basins form?

Answer 39

because of mechanical subsidence and are narrow / deep. sediment

Question 40

backarc basin are filled with what?

Answer 40

lithic rock fragments and some carbonate deposition

Question 41

intra-plate sag basins are formed due to what?

Answer 41

thermal uplift isostatic rebound subsidence ex: paleozoic michigan basin

Question 42

Take home point for rift basins

Answer 42

some but not all rifts lead to the opening of ocean basins

Question 43

take home point for foreland basins

Answer 43

subsidence due to loading of thrust sheets | highest subsidence closest to thrust sheets

Question 44

take home point for intracratonic basins

Answer 44

away from plate boundaries and causes of subsidence are completely understood

Question 45

what are some of the petroleum-rich basins?

Answer 45

``` north sea basin nigeria (niger delta basin) lybia (sirte basin) china / mongolia (ordos basin) oman (ghaba salt basin) sudan (muglad basin) wcsb usa russia ```

Question 46

Facts about the Niger delta basin

Answer 46

a passive margin basin tertiary age and the sediment thickness reaches up to 10km overpressure conditions exist due to the rapid rate of sedimentation

Question 47

Facts about the Sirte basin

Answer 47

Horst and graben structures

Question 48

Facts about the Ordos basin

Answer 48

Cratonic basin

Question 49

Facts about the Ghaba Salt Basin

Answer 49

part of a subsiding rift basin

Question 50

Facts about the Mugland Basin

Answer 50

The largest known rift basin in the Sudan

Question 51

Facts about the Russian Federation Basin

Answer 51

Has all types of basins

Question 52

Facts about the West Siberian Basin

Answer 52

Urengoyskoe, largest gas field @ 350 TCF of OGIP

Question 53

Facts about the West Siberian Basin

Answer 53

Urengoyskoe, largest gas field @ 350 TCF of OGIP

Question 54

What are the US supergiant oil fields?

Answer 54

East Texas oilfield | Prudhoe Bay, alaska oilfield

Question 55

what are the petroleum rich basins in Canada?

Answer 55

WCSB Williston Basin Jeanne d'Arc Basin

Question 56

what percentage of HC does the WCSB contain?

Answer 56

57%

Question 57

Williston Basin Facts

Answer 57

Intracratonic Sedimentary Basin | Home to the Mississippi Bakken formation

Question 58

Jeanne d'Arc (Rift) basin four major oil fields are what?

Answer 58

Hibernia, Terra Nova, White Rose, Hebron/Ben Nevis

Question 59

Hibernia has how much reserves ?

Answer 59

~1Billion bbls

Question 60

Terra Nova as how much reserves?

Answer 60

~370-470 million bbls

Question 61

White Rose has how much reserves?

Answer 61

200-250 million bbls

Question 62

Hebron/Ben Nevis has how much reserves?

Answer 62

~700million bbls

Question 63

Hebron/Ben Nevis has how much reserves?

Answer 63

~700million bbls

Question 64

Estimated production of Canadas crude oil equivalent

Answer 64

WCSB 94% | Eastern Canada 6%