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Module 12: Cell Cycle/Division Flashcards

(39 cards)

0
Q

How long is the G1 phase?

A

8-10 hours

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1
Q

How long is the mammalian cell cycle in culture?

A

16 hours

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2
Q

How long is S phase?

A

6-8 hours

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3
Q

How long is the G2 phase?

A

4-6 hours

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4
Q

How long is the M phase?

A

30-45 minutes

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5
Q

What does the “G” in the G phases stand for?

A

Gap

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6
Q

What does FACS stand for?

A

Fluorescence activated cell sorter

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7
Q

What phases make up interphase?

A

G1, S, and G2

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8
Q

Flow cytometry measures the ____________ of a population of cells.

A

DNA content

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9
Q

What is the DNA content during G1 phase?

A

2n

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10
Q

What is the DNA content during S phase?

A

2n-4n

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11
Q

What is the DNA content during G2 phase?

A

4n

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12
Q

What is the DNA content during M phase?

A

4n

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13
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Nuclear division

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14
Q

What is cytokinesis?

A

Cellular division

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15
Q

What are the five stages of M phase?

A

Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

16
Q

What does the “M” in M phase stand for?

A

“Mitosis”

17
Q

What is the goal of mitosis?

A

Ensure sister chromatids are segregated and move to opposite ends of the cell

18
Q

What allows the cell to package the chromatids for neat segregation?

A

Chromosome condensation

19
Q

What allows the cell to stick like chromosomes together?

20
Q

What are the three main things that occur in prophase?

A

Chromosome condensation, centrosomes move apart, mitotic spindle starts to form

21
Q

Which ends of the microtubules anchor to the centrosomes?

A

The negative ends

22
Q

What is the open configuration of DNA called?

23
Q

What is the close configuration of DNA called?

A

Heterochromatin

24
How large is unpackaged DNA?
75 mm
25
How large is packaged DNA?
5 micrometers
26
What is the difference in size between packaged and unpackaged DNA?
Four orders of magnitude (15,000x)
27
During which mitotic phase would you make a karyotype?
Prometaphase
28
What protein keeps sister chromatids paired?
Cohesin
29
What are the three main things that occur in prometaphase?
Nuclear envelope breaks down, centrosomes now at opposite poles of the cell, mitotic spindle seeks sister chromatids
30
What causes the nuclear envelope to break down?
The phosphorylation of lamin
31
What are the three types of microtubules that make up the spindle?
Kinetochore, astral, and polar
32
What type of microtubule connects with the plasma membrane?
Astral microtubule
33
Which type of microtubule is cross-linked by motor proteins?
Polar microtubules
34
Is the minus side of microtubules negative?
No. Minus is not negative.
35
What is the minus end of microtubules?
The slow-growing end
36
What are the two main things that occur during metaphase?
Sister chromatids are lined up, sister chromatids are under equal tension from both spindle poles
37
What area of the chromosomes do kinetochores bind to?
The centromere
38
What is a kinetochore?
A large complex of many different proteins that attaches to the centromere