Module 12 - Reproductive System

Question 1

What are the four glands involved in semen production?

Answer 1

Testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbo-urethral glands.

Question 2

What is the primary function of the testes?

Answer 2

To produce sperm.

Question 3

Where are the testes located?

Answer 3

Outside the pelvic cavity in the scrotal sac.

Question 4

Why does the scrotum adjust its position in response to temperature?

Answer 4

To maintain an optimal sperm production temperature, 3–4°C below core body temperature.

Question 5

Where is sperm stored after maturing in the testes?

Answer 5

In the epididymis.

Question 6

What is the function of the bulbo-urethral glands?

Answer 6

To secrete lubricating fluid that reduces urethral acidity and friction during ejaculation.

Question 7

What fluid do the seminal vesicles secrete?

Answer 7

A sugar-, protein-, and enzyme-rich fluid that energizes sperm and lowers vaginal acidity.

Question 8

What is the role of the prostate in semen production?

Answer 8

It secretes an alkalizing protein-rich fluid that enhances sperm motility and viability.

Question 9

What structure carries sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 9

The ductus deferens.

Question 10

What is semen composed of?

Answer 10

Sperm plus secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbo-urethral glands.

Question 11

What dual function does the urethra serve in males?

Answer 11

It transports both urine and semen.

Question 12

What are the two types of erectile tissue in the penis?

Answer 12

Corpora cavernosa (x2) and corpus spongiosum.

Question 13

What is the function of the corpora cavernosa?

Answer 13

To fill with blood and cause penile erection.

Question 14

What does the corpus spongiosum surround and support?

Answer 14

It surrounds the urethra and helps maintain its patency during ejaculation.

Question 15

What are the major structures of the female reproductive system?

Answer 15

Uterus, cervix, uterine (fallopian) tubes, ovaries, and vagina.

Question 16

Where is the uterus located?

Answer 16

Between the urinary bladder and rectum in the pelvic cavity.

Question 17

What is the primary function of the uterus?

Answer 17

To support implantation and fetal development during pregnancy.

Question 18

What are the four regions of the uterus?

Answer 18

Fundus, corpus (body), isthmus, and cervix.

Question 19

What is menstruation?

Answer 19

The shedding of the endometrial lining when implantation does not occur.

Question 20

What is the cervix?

Answer 20

The tubular neck of the uterus.

Question 21

What are the openings of the cervix called?

Answer 21

Internal os (to uterus) and external os (to vagina).

Question 22

What are the functions of the cervix?

Answer 22

Passage for menstrual flow, sperm entry, and dilation during childbirth.

Question 23

How long are the uterine (fallopian) tubes?

Answer 23

10–12 cm.

Question 24

What is the function of the fimbriae?

Answer 24

To pull the released egg into the fallopian tube.

Question 25

What helps move the egg through the fallopian tube?

Answer 25

Cilia lining the inner surface.

Question 26

What is the purpose of a hysterosalpingogram (HSG)?

Answer 26

To assess uterus shape and fallopian tube patency, often for infertility evaluation.

Question 27

Where are the ovaries located?

Answer 27

Lateral to the uterus, suspended by the broad ligament.

Question 28

What connects the ovaries to the uterus?

Answer 28

The ovarian ligament.

Question 29

What is released from the ovaries during the menstrual cycle?

Answer 29

A mature oocyte (ovum).

Question 30

What regulates egg maturation and release in the ovaries?

Answer 30

Hormones.

Question 31

What is the length of the vagina?

Answer 31

Approximately 10 cm.

Question 32

What are the main functions of the vagina?

Answer 32

Facilitates intercourse, receives semen, allows menstrual flow, and serves as the birth canal.

Question 33

What helps the vagina limit the growth of harmful organisms?

Answer 33

A protective acidic environment from lactic acid-producing flora.

Question 34

What allows the vagina to expand during intercourse and childbirth?

Answer 34

Muscular ridges called rugae.

Question 35

What is the primary function of the female breast?

Answer 35

To produce milk (lactation) after childbirth.

Question 36

Where are the breasts located anatomically?

Answer 36

Anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus muscles.

Question 37

What is the 'tail of the breast'?

Answer 37

The portion of breast tissue that extends toward the axilla (armpit).

Question 38

What are the three main tissue types in the female breast?

Answer 38

Glandular, connective, and adipose tissue.

Question 39

Which tissue type is dominant in young women’s breasts?

Answer 39

Glandular tissue.

Question 40

Which tissue type becomes dominant in menopausal women’s breasts?

Answer 40

Adipose (fatty) tissue.

Question 41

What are Cooper’s ligaments and their function?

Answer 41

Suspensory ligaments that support breast weight by connecting to the pectoralis major muscle.

Question 42

Do males have breast tissue?

Answer 42

Yes, including all three types, but glandular tissue remains dormant.

Question 43

What is the condition called when male breast glandular tissue grows due to hormone imbalance?

Answer 43

Gynecomastia.

Question 44

Do male breasts have any physiological function?

Answer 44

No, they do not.

Question 45

What is the significance of the axillary lymph nodes in breast imaging?

Answer 45

They are a common site for metastatic spread and are included in the MLO projection of mammography.

Question 46

What skin condition may indicate lymphatic drainage issues in the breast?

Answer 46

Skin dimpling or 'orange peel' appearance.

Question 47

What is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women?

Answer 47

Breast cancer.

Question 48

What imaging modality is commonly used for routine breast cancer screening?

Answer 48

Mammography.

Question 49

What are signs of abnormal findings on a mammogram?

Answer 49

Microcalcifications, dense lesions, and enlarged axillary lymph nodes.