Module 12 - Special Sense Flashcards

Question

Layers of Eyeball

Answer 1

Fibrous Tunic Vascular Tunic Neural Tunic / Retina

Answer 2

Conjunctiva – thin mucous membrane inner eyelid – reflected on surface of eye

Answer 3

Fibrous Tunic – outer coating Posterior Sclera – white Fibrous tissue Shape and protect – Pierced by optic nerve Cornea – coat over iris – Refracts light

Answer 4

Vascular Tunic – middle Choroid Absorbs and directs light Provides nutrients to retina Ciliary Body Ciliary processes – Secretes aqueous humor – keeps intraocular pressure Ciliary Muscle – Controls shape of lens = near or far Iris – Colour and doughnut shaped Regulates light to posterior cavity Pupil – light enter Lens - Focuses – divides Anterior cavity – behind cornea in front of lens – fluid – drains thru pupil Vitreous chamber – b/w lens and retina – gel vitreous body

Answer 5

Retina – inner coat – Nervous tunic – Back ¾ of eye Pigment layer – Nonvisual Aids choroid to absorb light Neural layer – Zones of neurons Photoreceptors Rods – black & white – different shades – shapes and movement Dense in periphery of retina Cones – colour and sharpness Concentrated in central fovea – sharpens Bipolar cell – conduction – inhibit and excitatory Ganglion cell – collect information and send to brain to be processed

Answer 6

Macula lutea – centre back of retina – visual axis - retinal layer

Answer 7

Optic disc – blind spot – no rods or cones - retina layer

Answer 8

Refraction – Bending light rays by 2 diff areas: Cornea Lens

Answer 9

Accommodation – increase lens curve – ciliary muscle contractions

Answer 10

Presbyopia – can’t read close

Answer 11

Myopia – nearsightedness – can’t see far

Answer 12

Hypermetropia – farsightedness – can’t see close up

Answer 13

Astigmatism – abnormal refraction – irregular curve in cornea or lens

Answer 14

Constriction – pupil narrows – prevents light

Answer 15

Convergence – focuses

Answer 16

Absorption – on photopigments – proteins structural change – glycoprotein w/ opsins types Rods – rhodopsin Cones – 3 types with diff photopigments

Answer 17

Graded Potential Receptor potential – rod and cones Neurotransmitters to bipolar cells = graded potential Excite or inhibit signal to ganglion cells - nerve impulse Ganglion Retina Optic nerve Optic chiasma Optic tract Thalamus Occipital lobe

Answer 18

External Ear – sound waves travel inward Auricle (pinna) Auditory Canal (meatus) Tympanic membrane Ceruminous glands – ear wax

Answer 19

Middle Ear – tympanic cavity – air filled Auditory tube Ossicles – malleus, incus, and stapes Oval window – border

Answer 20

Internal Ear – labyrinth Outer bony labyrinth in temporal bone – 3 areas Semicircular canal – receptors for equilibrium – cristae Vestibule – receptors for equilibrium – 2 sacs Utricle – maculae (hair cells) – sensory receptors Saccule Cochlea – receptors for hearing Lined with periosteum Fluid – perilymph – surrounds membranous labyrinth Membranous labyrinth – inside bony – sacs and tubes Lined with epithelium Fluid – endolymph

Answer 21

Hearing Hair cells in cochlear vibrate = mechanical force Force = stim = electrical signal = receptor potential Neurotransmitters initiate nerve impulses Impulse from cochlear to vestibulocochlear to medulla Opposite side to brain Mid brain to thalamus Auditory area of temporal

Answer 22

Pitch – difference in width and stiffness - High – short - Low – long - Decibels

Answer 23

Frequency – regions of basilar membrane vibrate more

Answer 24

Volume – size of vibration

Answer 25

Equilibrium Static Dynamic

Answer 26

Static – maintenance position vs gravity

Answer 27

Dynamic – maintenance (mainly head) in sudden movements – rotation, accel vs decel

Module 12 - Special Sense Flashcards

(51 cards)