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NUTR 202 > Module 13: Eating Disorders > Flashcards

Module 13: Eating Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

define disordered eating

A
  • range of eating disorders and behaviors
  • spanning from less severe behaviors to more severe diagnoses
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2
Q

examples of clinically diagnosed diseases of disordered eating

A
  • anorexia nervosa
  • bulimia nervosa
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3
Q

is anorexia nervosa and clinical anorexia the same thing

A

no

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4
Q

define clinical anorexia

A
  • absence of hunger cues or loss of appetite
  • physiological reason (when you’re sick)
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5
Q

examples of behaviors of disordered eating

A
  • unhealthy eating patterns
  • compensatory habits
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6
Q

what are some examples of compensatory habits

A
  • extreme dieting
  • extreme exercise
  • elimination: purging, laxative use, etc
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7
Q

describe the continuum of disordered eating

A
  • disordered eating is on a broad spectrum
  • ranges from healthy eating with a good body image to pre-occupation with weight to distorted body image to clinically diagnosed conditions
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8
Q

who can make an eating disorder diagnosis

A

physician or psychologist after an assessment of a patient

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9
Q

where would you find the criteria to diagnose an eating disorder

A

diagnostic and statistical manual, fifth edition (DSM-V)

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10
Q

what eating disorders are define in the DSM-V

A
  • anorexia nervosa
  • bulimia nervosa
  • binge eating disorder
  • other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED)
  • unspecified feeding or eating disorder (UFED)
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11
Q

define anorexia nervosa

A

refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height (BMI less than 18.5)

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12
Q

common characterizations of anorexia nervosa

A
  • intense fear of gaining weight
  • generally underweight
  • poor body image
  • amenorrhea may occur in females
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13
Q

what are the two subtypes of anorexia nervosa

A
  • restricting type
  • binge-eating/purging type
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14
Q

define the restricting type of anorexia nervosa

A

restricting food intake

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15
Q

define the binge-eating/purging type of anorexia nervosa

A

eating a large amount of food in a short amount of time and then purging

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16
Q

how is bulimia nervosa different from the binge-eating/purging subtype of anorexia nervosa

A
  • anorexia nervosa binge- eating patients are below a normal weight/BMI
  • bulimia nervosa patients are usually of normal weight/BMI
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17
Q

define bulimia nervosa

A
  • binging: eating large quantities of food in a short period of time
  • followed by compensatory behavior: purging, laxative use, dieting, excessive exercise
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18
Q

what is a common feeling/driver of many eating disorders

A
  • feelings of loss of control
  • disordered eating to regain feeling of control
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19
Q

what are the two subtypes of bulimia nervosa

A
  • purging bulimia
  • non-purging bulimia
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20
Q

define the purging bulimia nervosa subtype

A

purging after binging by means of laxatives, diuretics, or vomiting

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21
Q

define the non-purging bulimia nervosa subtype

A

engaging in compensatory behaviors besides purging after binging such as excessive exercise or dieting

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22
Q

what protein causes binge eating to provide temporary escape from negative feelings and why

A
  • neuropeptide y
  • decreases anxiety and pain; increases hunger
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23
Q

define binge eating disorder

A
  • recurrent episodes of binge eating
  • lack of compensatory behaviors to control weight (no dieting, exercise, purging)
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24
Q

describe the prevalence of binge eating disorder in the general population

A
  • 1-2% - probably much higher
  • often goes unreported
  • may be higher among obese individuals
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25
define other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED)
- disordered eating patterns and behaviors that do not meet specific criteria for other eating disorder diagnoses - interfere with normal daily life
26
what are two ways that eating disorders often interfere with normal daily life
- reduced ability to engage in social interactions - inability to perform work at expected level
27
examples of other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED)
- atypical anorexia nervosa - bulimia nervosa (of low frequency and/or limited duration) - binge eating disorder (of low frequency and/or limited duration) - purging disorder - night eating syndrome
28
define atypical anorexia nervosa
- OSFED - weight is at or above the normal range (BMI over 18.5) - still have manifestations of anorexia nervosa
29
define bulimia nervosa (of low frequency and/or limited duration)
- OSFED - same symptoms of bulimia nervosa - frequency less than 1 episode per week - duration less than 3 months
30
define bing eating disorder (of low frequency and/or limited duration)
- OSFED - same symptoms of binge eating disorder - frequency less than 1 episode per week - duration less than 3 months
31
define purging disorder
- OSFED - recurrent purging to influence weight in absence of binging
32
define night eating syndrome
- OSFED - recurrent episodes of night eating: eating after waking or excessive food intake after evening meal
33
define unspecified feeding or eating disorder (UFED)
- eating disorders that do not meet specific criteria for eating disorder or when there is not enough information to classify something as an eating disorder - results in clinically significant distress or impaired social and occupational engagement
34
what is the difference between OSFED and UFED
- OSFED: conditions that don't meet the specific criteria for other eating disorders - UFED: there is insufficient information about a particular eating disorder
35
examples of unspecified feeding or eating disorders (UFED)
- orthorexia - avoidance restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) - pica - rumination/purging disorder
36
define orthorexia
- UFED - fixation on righteous eating - obsession with eating only foods considered pure and of high quality (organic, low-fat, sugar-free, grass-fed beef, no GMOs/antibiotics)
37
describe avoidance restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
- UFED - person is at or above a normal BMI - avoid certain foods usually because of sensation of food (taste, sight, smell, texture) - do not have poor body image
38
define pica
- UFED - craving or consumption of non-food items (paint chips, chalk, hair) - may be experienced with pregnancy - idiopathic
39
define rumination/purging disorder
- UFED - purging of food without poor self-image - no physiological impairment causing purges - idiopathic
40
examples of eating disorders not associated with poor self-image
- ARFID - pica - rumination/purging disorder
41
when do disordered eating behaviors often become most obvious
during adolescence
42
what ages do eating disorders affect
all ages
43
how early can signs of eating disorders be observed
7
44
why do women over 40 often develop eating disorders
response to traumatic event (death, assault, divorce)
45
what percent of reported cases of eating disorders are men
- 10% - many go unreported though
46
what are the most common eating disorders among men
- binge eating disorder - OSFED
47
what is a common reason for male eating disorders
men feeling pressured to emulate the ideal male physique
48
risk factors for disordered eating behavior
- body dissatisfaction - poor self-esteem - puberty - teasing - family - athletics - dieting - cultural pressure
49
what are harmful psychological consequences of eating disorders
- anxiety - depression - low self-esteem - disturbed body image - amenorrhea (in women)
50
what are harmful nutritional consequences of eating disorders
- impaired growth and development in children and teens - osteoporosis - impaired immune system function - infertility
51
how does cultural pressure often cause eating disorders
- portrayal of female body in media - advertising
52
define body image
- how individual pictures their body - how we feel about how we look
53
what is often the starting point for developing disordered eating behaviors
poor body image/body dissatisfaction
54
define body dysmorphic disorder (BDD)
preoccupied with the thought that the appearance is unattractive or deformed
55
define muscle dysmorphia
- type of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) - individuals focus on their muscularity and believe they are never muscular enough - aka bigorexia
56
teasing by who can cause disordered eating habits
- peers - family members
57
what is a common characteristic between people with anorexia and those with bulimia
- low self-esteem - highly self-critical - perceive self as inadequate
58
who is at highest risk for poor body image in relation to puberty
those who mature early or late
59
is puberty often more traumatic for girls or boys
girls
60
are family problems often the primary cause of eating disorders
no
61
characteristics of families of people with anorexia nervosa
- not accepting individuality - overprotectiveness - inflexible rules - inadequate boundaries - inability to effectively communicate
62
what are the 3 health problems associated with female athletes
- disordered eating - amenorrhea - osteoporosis
63
medical complications of anorexia nervosa
- heart failure - kidney failure - multiple organ failure - illness such as pneumonia
64
what percent of anorexia nervosa patients die
5-20%
65
why is illness such as pneumonia a complication of anorexia nervosa
- poor immune response - don't have adequate proteins to make antibodies
66
why is heart failure a complication of anorexia nervosa
heart muscle being broken down into amino acids to be made into glucose for energy
67
why is kidney failure a complication of anorexia nervosa
amino acids being broken down for energy create ammonia which can be toxic to the kidneys
68
medical complications of bulimia nervosa
- stomach rupture - heart failure - irregular menstrual cycles - diminished libido - addictions and/or compulsive behavior - depression, anxiety, suicide
69
why is heart failure a complication for bulimia nervosa
purging causes loss of electrolytes and other minerals needed for heart contraction and relaxation
70
medical complications of binge eating disorder
- associated with obesity - high blood pressure - high cholesterol - CVD - type 2 diabetes - gallbladder disease - joint problems - depression
71
what do people with muscle dysmorphia engage in
- increased training intensity and frequency - steroid use
72
what type of steroids are generally used by people with muscle dysmorphia
anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS)
73
describe anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS)
- manufactured hormones related to natural male sex hormones (testosterone) - developed in 1930s for medical purposes - illegal to possess without prescription - banned in most competitive sports
74
what are negative side effects of AAS
- reduced testicular size and enlarged breasts - acne - increased blood pressure - increased LDL cholesterol - decreased HDL cholesterol - liver cancer - aggressive behavior - hepatitis B and C viruses - HIV
75
why does AAS use cause testicular atrophy
- artificially increasing testosterone levels - cells in testes that naturally make testosterone don't need to anymore so they shrink
76
why does AAS use cause gynecomastia (enlarged breasts)
- AAS increase testosterone - excess testosterone converted to estrogen which causes enlarged breasts
77
is aggression a primary or secondary emotion
secondary
78
describe the treatment of eating disorders
- established on individual basis - use multidisciplinary treatment approach - different types of therapy, nutrition counseling
79
is physical appearance reliable for determining whether someone has an eating disorder
no

NUTR 202 (14 decks)

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