Module 16 Part 1

Question 1

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events

Answer 1

Perception

Question 2

Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory information

Answer 2

Bottom-up processing

Question 3

Information processing guided by higher level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations

Answer 3

Top-bottom processing

Question 4

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

Answer 4

Selective attention

Question 5

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

Answer 5

Inattentional blindness

Question 6

Failing to notice changes in the environment

Answer 6

Change blindness

Question 7

Conversion of one form of energy into another

Answer 7

Transduction

Question 8

The study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them

Answer 8

Psychophysics

Question 9

The minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

Answer 9

Absolute threshold

Question 10

A theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background stimulation

Answer 10

Signal detection theory

Question 11

Below ones absolute threshold of conscious awareness

Answer 11

Subliminal

Question 12

The activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing ones perception, memory or response

Answer 12

Priming

Question 13

The minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time

Answer 13

Difference threshold

Question 14

The principle that, to be perceived so different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage

Answer 14

Webers law

Question 15

Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

Answer 15

Sensory adaptation

Question 16

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

Answer 16

Perceptual set

Question 17

The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition

Answer 17

Extrasensory perception (ESP)

Question 18

The study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis

Answer 18

Parapsychology

Question 19

The distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next

Answer 19

Wavelength

Question 20

The dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light

Answer 20

Hue

Question 21

The amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the waves amplitude

Answer 21

Intensity

Question 22

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

Answer 22

Pupil

Question 23

A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening

Answer 23

Iris

Question 24

The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes the shape to help focus images on the retina

Answer 24

Lens

Question 25

The light sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information

Answer 25

Retina

Question 26

The process by which the eyes lens change shape to focus near or cs objects on the retina

Answer 26

Accommodation

Question 27

Retinal receptors that detect black, white and gray

Answer 27

Rods

Question 28

Retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in day light or well lit conditions

Answer 28

Cones

Question 29

The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

Answer 29

Optic nerve

Question 30

The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

Answer 30

Sensation