Unit 6 Part 2

Question 1

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

Answer 1

Concept

Question 2

A mental image or best example of a category

Answer 2

Prototype

Question 3

The ability to produce novel and value ideas

Answer 3

Creativity

Question 4

Narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution

Answer 4

Convergent thinking

Question 5

Expands the number of possible problem solutions

Answer 5

Divergent thinking

Question 6

A methodical, logical rule or procedures that guarantees solving a particular problem

Answer 6

Algorithm

Question 7

A simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently

Answer 7

Heuristic

Question 8

A sudden realization of a problems solution

Answer 8

Insight

Question 9

A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

Answer 9

Confirmation bias

Question 10

A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way

Answer 10

Mental set

Question 11

An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning

Answer 11

Intuition

Question 12

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes

Answer 12

Representativeness heuristic

Question 13

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory

Answer 13

Availability heuristic

Question 14

The tendency to be more confident than correct

Answer 14

Overconfidence

Question 15

Clinging to ones initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

Answer 15

Belief perseverance

Question 16

The way an issue is posed

Answer 16

Framing

Question 17

Our spoken, written, or signed words and they ways we combine them to communicate meaning

Answer 17

Language

Question 18

In a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit

Answer 18

Phoneme

Question 19

In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning

Answer 19

Morpheme

Question 20

In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others

Answer 20

Grammar

Question 21

Beginning at about 4 months the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language

Answer 21

Babbling stage

Question 22

The stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words

Answer 22

One-word stage

Question 23

Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly in two word statements

Answer 23

Two-word stage

Question 24

Early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram- “go car”- using mostly nouns and verbs

Answer 24

Telegraphic speech

Question 25

Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area or to Wernicke's area

Answer 25

Aphasia

Question 26

Controls language expression

Answer 26

Broca's area

Question 27

Controls language reception

Answer 27

Wernicke's area

Question 28

Whorfs hypothesis that language determines the way we think

Answer 28

Linguistic determinism

Question 29

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating

Answer 29

Cognition