Module 2 - 04-1

Question 1

Define Linux

Answer 1

An open-source operating system

Question 2

Explain Linux

Answer 2

Linux is open source, meaning anyone can have access to the operating system and the source code.
Linux and many of the programs that come with Linux are licensed under the terms of the GNU Public License, which allow you to use, share, and modify them freely.
Linux is used at different organizations.
More specifically, Linux is used in many security programs.
There are over 600 distributions of Linux.

You might find yourself working with specific distributions designed for a particular task.
Distributions are created to fit the needs of their users.
You might examine different types of logs to identify what’s going on in the system.
Another place where you will use Linux is to verify access and authorization in an identity and access management system.
In security, managing access is key in order to ensure a secure system.

Question 3

How do security analysts use Linux? Select three answers.

• To examine different types of logs to identify what is going on in a system
• To develop new versions of the Linux kernel to increase security in a system
• To verify access and authorization in an identity and access management system
• To use digital forensic tools to investigate what happened following an event

Answer 3

• To examine different types of logs to identify what is going on in a system
• To verify access and authorization in an identity and access management system
• To use digital forensic tools to investigate what happened following an event

Security analysts use Linux to verify access and authorization in an identity and access management system. They also use Linux to examine logs and to investigate what happened following an event.

Question 4

What are the components of Linux (6)?

Answer 4

• User
• Applications
• Shell
• Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)
• Kernel
• Hardware

Question 5

What is the first (1st) component of Linux?

Answer 5

User

Question 6

Define and explain User

Answer 6

The person interacting with the computer.

In Linux, you’re the first element to the architecture of the operating system.
You’re initiating the tasks or commands that the OS is going to execute.
They initiate and manage computer tasks.
Linux is a multi-user system.
This means that more than one user can use the system’s resources at the same time.

Question 7

What is the second (2nd) component of Linux?

Answer 7

Applications

Question 8

Define and explain Application

Answer 8

A program that performs a specific task.

You might hear the word “applications” and “programs” used interchangeably.
Linux applications are commonly distributed through package managers.

In Linux, you’ll often use a package manager to install applications.

Nano is one popular Linux application.
Nano is a text editor.
This simple application helps you keep notes on the screen.

Question 9

Define Package manager

Answer 9

A tool that helps users install, manage, and remove packages or applications

Question 10

Define Package

Answer 10

A piece of software that can be combined with other packages to form an application

Question 11

What is the third (3rd) component of Linux?

Answer 11

Shell

Question 12

Define and explain Shell

Answer 12

A command line interpreter.

This is an important element because it is how you will communicate with the system.

It processes commands and outputs the results.
You can think of the shell as a CLI.

Everything entered into the shell is text based.
The shell allows users to give commands to the kernel and receive responses from it.
The shell translates the commands you enter so that the computer can perform the tasks you want.

Question 13

What is the fourth (4th) component of Linux?

Answer 13

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)

Question 14

What does FHS stand for?

Answer 14

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)

Question 15

Define and explain Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

Answer 15

The component of the Linux OS that organizes data.

The FHS is how data is stored in a system.
It’s a way to organize data so that it can be found when the data is accessed by the system.
It specifies the location where data is stored in the operating system.

A directory is a file that organizes where other files are stored.
Directories are sometimes called “folders,” and they can contain files or other directories.
The FHS defines how directories, directory contents, and other storage is organized so the operating system knows where to find specific data.

Question 16

Define Directory

Answer 16

A file that organizes where other files are stored

Question 17

What are Directories are sometimes called?

Answer 17

Folders

Question 18

What is the fifth (5th) component of Linux?

Answer 18

Kernel

Question 19

Define and explain Kernel

Answer 19

A component of the Linux OS that manages processes and memory.

The kernel communicates with the hardware to execute the commands sent by the shell.
The Linux kernel is unique to the Linux OS and is critical for allocating resources in the system.
The kernel controls all major functions of the hardware.
The kernel uses drivers to enable applications to execute tasks.
The Linux kernel helps ensure that the system allocates resources more efficiently and makes the system work faster.

Question 20

What is the sixth (6th) component of Linux?

Answer 20

Hardware

Question 21

Define and explain Hardware

Answer 21

The physical components of a computer.

You can compare this to software applications which can be downloaded into a system.
The hardware in your computer are things like the CPU, mouse, and keyboard.

Hardware is categorized as either peripheral or internal.

Question 22

What is the kernel’s role in the Linux operating system?

• It manages processes and memory.
• It organizes data.
• It helps users perform calculations.
• It processes commands and outputs the results.

Answer 22

It manages processes and memory.

The kernel is the component of the Linux OS that manages processes and memory.

Question 23

Define and explain Peripheral devices

Answer 23

Hardware components that are attached and controlled by the computer system.

They are not core components needed to run the computer system.
Peripheral devices can be added or removed freely.
Examples of peripheral devices include monitors, printers, the keyboard, and the mouse.

Question 24

Define and explain Internal hardware

Answer 24

The components required to run the computer.

Internal hardware includes a main circuit board and all components attached to it.
This main circuit board is also called the motherboard.

Question 25

What is another name for the main circuit board

Answer 25

Motherboard

Question 26

What does Internal hardware include (3)?

Answer 26

* Central Processing Unit (CPU) * Random Access Memory (RAM) * Hard drive

Question 27

What does CPU stand for?

Answer 27

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Question 28

Define and explain CPU

Answer 28

A computer’s main processor. It is used to perform general computing tasks on a computer. The CPU executes the instructions provided by programs, which enables these programs to run.

Question 29

What does RAM stand for?

Answer 29

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Question 30

Define and explain RAM

Answer 30

A hardware component used for short-term memory. It’s where data is stored temporarily as you perform tasks on your computer. Information in RAM cannot be accessed once the computer has been turned off. The CPU takes the data from RAM to run programs.

Question 31

Define and explain Hard drive

Answer 31

A hardware component used for long-term memory. It’s where programs and files are stored for the computer to access later. Information on the hard drive can be accessed even after a computer has been turned off and on again. A computer can have multiple hard drives.

Question 32

Explain the different components of the Linux operating system and how they interact when a user creates a file

Answer 32

* User The user decides to create a new file. * Application The user opens the application for communicating with the shell. * Shell The user enters commands in the shell to indicate they want to create a new file. * Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) The shell creates the new file in the FHS. * Kernel The contents and location of the new file are passed to the kernel. * Hardware The kernel tells the hardware how and where to save this new file.

Question 33

As a security analyst, you might use Linux to review logs when investigating an issue. * True * False

Answer 33

True As a security analyst, you might use Linux to review logs when investigating an issue. Another reason you might use Linux is to verify access and authorization.

Question 34

Which of the following are components of the Linux architecture? Select all that apply. * Applications * The kernel * The operating system * The shell

Answer 34

* Applications * The kernel * The shell Components of the Linux architecture include applications, the shell, and the kernel. The user, the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), and hardware are also components of the Linux architecture.

Question 35

The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) is the component of Linux architecture that _____. * organizes data * manages processes and memory * enables people to communicate with the system * consists of the physical components of a computer

Answer 35

organizes data The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) is the component of the Linux OS that organizes data.

Question 36

Which of the following hardware components are peripheral devices? Select all that apply. * a printer * a monitor * a CPU * RAM

Answer 36

* a printer * a monitor Monitors and printers are peripheral devices. Peripheral devices are hardware components that are attached and controlled by the computer system. The CPU and RAM are internal hardware. Internal hardware are the components required to run the computer.