Module 2 Flashcards

Question

Erosion

Answer 1

Secondary lesion Nonscarring loss of superficial epidermis; moist surface but no bleeding Ex. Aphthous stomatitis

Answer 2

Secondary lesion Linear or punctuate erosions Ex. Cat scratches

Answer 3

Secondary lesion A linear crack in the skin often caused by excessive dryness Ex. Athletes foot

Answer 4

Secondary lesion A deeper loss of epidermis and dermis; May bleed and scar Ex. Stasis ulcer of venous insufficiency, syphilitic chancre

Answer 5

Presence of reddened area that fails to Blanche with pressure and changes in temp

Answer 6

Skin forms of blister or sore partial thickness skin loss Involves epidermis, dermis or both

Answer 7

A crater appears in skin with full thickness skin loss Damage to or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend to, but not through underlying muscle

Answer 8

Deepening ulcer full thickness skin loss destruction, tissue necrosis or damage to underlying muscle, bone and sometimes tendons and joints

Answer 9

Clearly demarcated round or oval patches of hair loss affecting young adults and children no visible scaling or inflammation

Answer 10

Hair loss from pulling, plucking or twisting hair hair shafts are broken and of varying lengths more common in children; Often stress-induced

Answer 11

Round scaling patches of alopecia Hair broken off close to surface of scalp Usually caused by a fungal infection Mimics seborrheic dermatitis

Answer 12

Bulbous swelling of soft tissue at nail base Angle increases to 180° or more & Nailbed feels spongy or floating Seen in congenital heart disease, interstitial lung disease and lung cancer, inflammatory bowel disease and malignancies

Answer 13

Any headaches, changing vision, hearing loss, vertigo, nosebleed, sore throat, hoarseness, swollen glands, goiter Ex. How is your vision? how is your hearing?

Answer 14

Hair: Note quantity, distribution, texture and any pattern of loss Scalp: Part hair in several places look for scaliness, lumps, nevi or other lesions Skull: Notes size and contour; note any deformities, depressions, lumps or tenderness Face: Facial expression and contours; observe for asymmetry, involuntary movements, edema and masses

Answer 15

``` Visual acuity Visual fields Conjunctiva and sclera Cornea, lens, pupils Extra ocular movements Fundi, including optic disc and cup, retina, retinal vessels ```

Answer 16

Pull ear up and back in adult to insert otoscope Pull pinna down and back in child under three Whispered voice test to check auditory acuity Tuning fork test for conductive versus neurosensory hearing loss

Answer 17

Generalized Steady or throbbing, very severe rapid onset; usually less than 24 hours Associated with fever, stiff neck and change in mental status

Answer 18

Unilateral -70%; bifrontal or global-30% Throbbing or aching, variable severity Fairly rapid onset, lasts 4-72hrs Associated with nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia,aura

Answer 19

Usually bilateral Steady, pressing or tightening; non throbbing Mild-moderate with gradual onset lasting 30min - 7 days Nausea absent

Answer 20

Unilateral; usually behind or around eye/temple Deep, continuous, severe Abrupt onset, peaks within minutes. Lasts up to 3hours Clustered - several each day for 4-8 weeks

Answer 21

To test visual acuity you place the patient 20 feet from the snellen chart. Visual acuity is expressed as two numbers, the first indicates the distance of the patient from the chart and the second the distance at which a normal eye can read the line of letters.

Answer 22

1) Pattern of redness is maximal peripherally. 2) Mild discomfort. 3) Vision not affected other than mild blurring due to discharge. 4) Watery, mucoid or mucopurulent discharge. 5) Pupil unaffected and cornea clear. 6) Bacterial, viral infections; highly contagious; allergy or irritation

Answer 23

1) Sharply demarcated red area that resolves over two weeks. 2) No pain 3) Vision unaffected. 4) No discharge. 5) Pupil not affected; cornea clear. 6) Often no significance; may result from trauma, bleeding disorders or sudden increasing venous pressure (cough)

Answer 24

1) Ciliary injection pattern of redness with dilation of deeper vessels that are visible as radiating vessels or reddish violet flush around the limbus. 2) Moderate aching deep pain. 3) Decreased vision with photophobia 4) No discharge. 5) Pupil is small & irregular; Cornea is clear or slightly clouded. 6) Associated with systemic infections such as herpes zoster, tuberculosis; refer promptly

Answer 25

1) Dilation of deeper vessels creating a reddish violet flush around the limbus. 2) Severe aching deep pain 3) No discharge 4) Pupil dilated and fixed; 5) Cornea steamy,cloudy 6) Acute increase in intraocular pressure constitutes an emergency

Answer 26

Test for lateralization done by placing the tuning fork firmly on top of the patients head or on the mid forehead.

Answer 27

Compares air conduction and bone conduction. Place the base of the lightly vibrating tuning fork on the mastoid bone behind the ear and level with the canal. When the patient can no longer hear the sound quickly place the fork close to the ear canal and ascertain whether the sound can be heard again. (U of fork forward) Normally sound is heard longer through air than through bone (ac>bc)

Answer 28

External or middle ear disorder impairs sound conduction to inner ear (foreign body, otitis media, perforated eardrum, otosclerosis) Onset up age 40 Little effect on sound, hearing improves in noisy environment, voice remain soft because inner ear and cochlear nerves are intact. Weber test: sound lateralizes to impaired ear Rinne test: bc>ac

Answer 29

Test for auditory acuity Stand 2 feet behind the seated patient so the patient cannot read your lips, occlude the non-test ear with a finger and gently rub the tragus in a circular motion to prevent transfer of sound to the non-test ear. Whisper a combination of three numbers and letters using different combinations for each ear. Is abnormal if four of the six possible numbers (2 attempts) and letters are incorrect; conduct further testing by audiometry.

Answer 30

Inner ear disorder involves cochlear nerve and neuronal impulse transmission to the brain Onset in middle or later years Problem not visible Higher registers are lost, sound may be distorted, hearing worsens a noisy environment, voice maybe loud because hearing is difficult Weber test: Sound lateralizes to good to ear Rinne test: ac>bc

Answer 31

Symptoms: earache fever and hearing loss Cause: bacterial, usually S pneumoniae or H. influenzae On exam eardrum is reddened, loses its landmarks and bulges laterally More common in children than adults

Answer 32

Usually caused by viral upper respiratory infections (otitis media with serious effusion) or by sudden changes in atmospheric pressure Symptoms include fullness and popping sensations in the ear, mild conduction hearing loss and sometimes pain. Amber fluid behind the eardrum is characteristic

Answer 33

Usually caused by purulent infections of the middle ear maybe classified as central perforations or marginal perforations, which involve the margin

Answer 34

Large chalky white patch, irregular margins deposition of hyaline material within the layers of the tympanic membrane, may sometimes follow a severe episode of otitis media does not impare hearing

Answer 35

Ask about: Sore throat pharyngitis bleeding of the gums local lesions;any tendency to bleed/ bruise environmental allergies acid reflux smoking; inhalation of fumes or other irritants swollen glands or lumps in the neck any evidence of enlarged thyroid gland ask about temperature intolerance & sweating nasal congestion, stuffiness, nasal discharge Tooth pain

Answer 36

Inspect the anterior and interior surfaces of the nose press on the tip of the nose with the thumb to widen the nostril and use the penlight or otoscope like to get a partial view of the nasal vesicle note any asymmetry or deformity; test for nasal obstruction

Answer 37

Observe lip color and moisture, note any lumps, ulcers, cracking, scaliness Inspect Mucosa for color, ulcers, white patches and nodules Inspect hard and soft palate, tongue, trachea and teeth

Answer 38

Palpate lymph nodes palpate thyroid gland Inspect trachea

Answer 39

Located above the suprasternal notch influences metabolism, growth and development, and body temperature

Answer 40

Symptoms: Fatigue, lethargy, modest weight gain with anorexia, dry coarse skin and cold intolerance, swelling of face hands and legs, constipation, weakness, muscle cramps, arthralgias, parathesias, impaired memory and hearing On exam: Dry coarse cool skin, sometimes yellowish from carotene, with non-pitting edema and lost a hair Periorbital puffiness decreased systolic and increased diastolic blood pressures bradycardia, and in late stages hypothermia sometimes decreased intensity of heart sounds Impaired memory, mixed hearing loss, somnolence, peripheral neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 41

``` Symptoms: Nervousness weight-loss despite increased appetite Excessive sweating & heat intolerance Palpitations Frequent bowel movements Tremor and proximal muscle weakness ``` On exam: Warm smooth moist skin With Graves' disease, Eye signs such as stare, lid lag and exopthalmos Increased systolic and decreased diastolic blood pressures Tachycardia or atrial fibrillation Hyperdynamic cardiac pulsations with an accentuated s1 Tremor and proximal muscle weakness

Answer 42

Perform in a darkened room; use a narrow light source. 1) Placed the light snugly under each brow close to the nose 2) Shine light downward from just below the inner aspect of each eye 3) look through the open mouth at the hard palate; a reddish glow indicates a normal air filled maxillary sinus

Module 2 Flashcards

(66 cards)