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EARTH SCI > MODULE 2 > Flashcards

MODULE 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

The basic building blocks of rocks. A naturally-occurring, inorganic solid with definite chemical composition, and an ordered internal structure.

A

MINERAL

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2
Q

THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF SILICATES. 2 MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENTS IN THE CRUST.

A

SILICON & OXYGEN

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3
Q

5 CHARACTERISTICS OF MINERALS

A
  • NATURALLY OCCURING
  • GENERALLY INORGANIC
  • SOLID
  • WELL-DEFINED CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
  • ORDERLY CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE
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4
Q

Not artificially or man-made. Formed by natural/geologic processes. (CHARACTERISTIC)

A

NATURALLY OCCURING

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5
Q

Minerals aren’t derived from living organisms. ( CHARACTERISTIC)

A

GENERALLY INORGANIC

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6
Q

substance must be solid and temperatures normally experience at Earth’s surface. (CHARACTERISTIC)

A

SOLID

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7
Q

Has an exact chemical formula with elements/compounds in specific ratios. (CHARACTERISTIC)

A

WELL DEFINED CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

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8
Q

The atoms are arranged in an orderly and repetitive manner. (CHARACTERISTIC)

A

ORDERLY CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE

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9
Q

are substances that fulfill the criteria of minerals but don’t have ordered internal structures.

A

MINERALOIDS

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10
Q

has two or more chemical elements combined

A

INORGANIC COMPOUND

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11
Q

5 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MINERALS

A
  • SILICATE
  • OXIDE
  • SULFIDE
  • CARBONATE
  • NATIVE METALS
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12
Q

composed primarily of silicon and oxygen. Also called the major rock forming minerals.

A

SILICATE

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13
Q

consists of metal cations bonded to oxygen anions.

A

OXIDE

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14
Q

consists of metal carbon bonded to sulfide. They’re also common ore minerals. Released from volcanoes

A

SULFIDE

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15
Q

characterized by the presence of carbonic ion

A

CARBONATE

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16
Q

consist of a single metal

A

NATIVE METALS

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17
Q

8 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS

A
  • COLOR
  • LUSTER
  • STREAK
  • CRYSTAL STRUCTURE (SHAPE)
  • HABIT
  • HARDNESS
  • CLEAVAGE
  • FRACTURE
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18
Q

most easily observed property, but usually the least useful. minerals color can be changed by the impurities that are found in the mineral.

A

COLOR

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19
Q

the quality and intensity of reflected light exhibited by the mineral

20
Q

Generally opaque and exhibit a resplendent shine similar to a polished metal

21
Q

vitreous (glassy), adamantine (brilliant/diamond-like), resinous, silky, pearly, dull (earthy), greasy, among others

22
Q

the mineral’s color in powdered form.

23
Q

Mineral that exhibits gold color but has a black or dark gray streak.

Study These Flashcards
A

PYRITE (FOOLS GOLD)

24
Q

depends on the chemical composition of the mineral. crystal pattern of a mineral is controlled by the internal arrangement of the atoms that make up the mineral.

Study These Flashcards
A

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE/SHAPE

25
a measurement of the strength of the chemical bonds in its structure
HARDNESS
26
HARDNESS CAN BE MEASURED BY...
scratching it with other mineral or a references material with known hardness
27
when a mineral break along a flat, smooth surface.
CLEAVAGE
28
when a mineral breaks along an irregular surface.
FRACTURE
29
5 Other properties that are exhibited by a limited number of minerals include
- magnetism - taste - smell - double refraction - chemical reaction to hydrochloric acid
30
Naturally occurring aggregates of minerals, rock fragments or organic matter that have been cohesively brought together by a rock-forming process.
ROCKS
31
3 TYPES OF ROCKS
- IGNEOUS - METAMORPHIC - SEDIMENTARY
32
MEANING OF IGNIS
FIRE
33
formed from molten rocks that has cooled and hardened
IGNEOUS ROCK
34
form from the magma that cools and crystallizes beneath the earth’s surface.
IGNEROUS INTRUSIVE (PLUTONIC IGNEOUS)
35
form at the Earth’s surface. they cool and crystallized from magma which has spilled out at a volcano
IGNEOUS EXTRUSIVE (VOLCANIC IGNEOUS)
36
ROCKS THAT COOL QUICKLY, AND ARE FINE GRAINED
EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS
37
ROCKS THAT COOL SLOWLY, AND ARE COARSE GRAINED
INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS
38
form from material that has accumulatedand cemented on the Earth’s surface
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
39
3 TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK
- CLASTIC - CHEMICAL - ORGANIC
40
Formed from the mechanical weathering debris
CLASTIC SEDIMENTARY ROCK
41
Form when dissolved materials precipitate from solution
CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY ROCK
42
Form from the accumulation of plant or animal debris
ORGANIC SEDIMENTARY ROCK
43
a rock that has changed by heat and pressure
METAMORPHIC ROCK
44
has layered bonded appearance produced by exposure to heat and directed pressure
FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCK
45
doesn’t have layered/banded appearance
NON-FOLIATED METAMORPHIC ROCK

EARTH SCI (6 decks)

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