Module 2 Flashcards
drug
any chemical that can affect a living process
pharmacology
study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
pharmacotherapy
use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat
How does a drug become a drug?
Research first in lab animals, then controlled trials in people. 4 phases: phase 1 given to small # of healthy ppl, phase 2 given to small # of diseased ppl, phase 3 given to large # of diseased ppl, and phase 4, FDA review for approval
chemical name
determined by chemical composition, generally complex and cumbersome (ex. 4-hydroxyacetanalide)
generic name
non-proprietary name related to chemical and usually indicates the classification (ex. acetaminophen)
brand name
proprietary name, designed and patented by a manufacturer (ex. Tylenol)
classification of drugs is grouped by
effect
prototype
drug that represents a classification, newer drugs are compared to and evolve but MOA is the same
classifying drug methods
by use (common but many drugs have more than one use), mechanism of action (explains all actions of the drugs), or by chemical structure (limited usefulness of providers)
pharmacokinetics
the effect the body has on drugs
pharmacodynamics
the effect the drug has on the body
ADME
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
half life
time required for serum concentration to be reduced by 50%. Time it takes to remove half of the current concentration of drug out of the body, time it takes for it to drop to half of its maximum concentration
absorption
how drug gets into body fluids, process by which unchanged drug moves from administration site into the blood
distribution
where the drug goes to in the body, the site of action, the reversible transfer of a drug between one location and another in the body
metabolism
how body chemically modifies drug into active or inactive metabolites, method by which drugs are inactivated or biotransformed (chemical mods)
excretion
how body gets rid of drug by various routes, elimination of med from body, the loss of chemically unchanged metabolites or drugs through urine, sweat, expired air, feces, or gut content
bioavailability
proportion of drug that reaches the systemic circulation intact
bioequivalence
2 formulations of the same drug that reach similar concentrations in blood tissues at similar times with no differences in therapeutic or adverse effects
volume distribution
relationship between drug concentration in the blood and the drug in the tissues of the body at the site of action
clearance
efficiency of irreversible elimination of a drug from the body
first pass clearance
the event to which a drug is removed by the liver during its passage in the portal blood through liver to system circulation
drug response curve
simple chart with amt of drug on x axis and effect on the body on y axis, phase 1 flat (amt of drug not great enough to initiate response), phase 2 steady rise (increase in drug dose increases desired response), phase 3 plateau (any further increases in dose will not increase desired response)
