Module 2 Flashcards
(20 cards)
manner of articulation
an aspect of articulatory phonetics pertaining to how a sound is formed, that is, the means of sound generation.
place of articulation
an aspect of articulatory phonetics that describes where in the vocal tract a sound is formed.
frequency
number of vibrations (cycles of variation in air pressure), measured in hertz
sound inventory
pool of sounds which speakers use to construct the words of their language
phonetics
the study of the systemic organization of sounds in language.
stop
manner of articulation in which the vocal tract is completely closed for some interval so that airflow ceases.
received pronunciation
pronunciation in the standard accent of British English
voiceless
A sound is said to be voiceless if the vocal folds do not vibrate during its production
vocal folds
also know as vocal chords, two small muscular folds which are located at the lower end of of the larynx
articulators
an anatomic structure capable of movements that form the sounds of speech. The primary articulators are the tongue, jaw, lips, and velopharynx
dipthong
a vowel-like sound that serves as a syllable nucleus and involves a gradual transition from one vowel articulation (onglide) to another (offglide).
International Phonetic Alphabet
The most well-known and most standardized transcription system developed by phoneticians where there is a symbol for each sound.
larynx
the “voice box” of speech; a structure made up of cartilage, muscles, and other tissues located within the neck. The larynx is located on top of the trachea and below the pharynx and serves to valve the airstream from the lungs.
vocal frontess
The relative frontness or backness of the tongue during vowel production; vowels are generally considered front, central, or back
vocal height
The relative height of the tongue during vowel production; vowels are generally considered high, mid or low
glottis
The opening between the vocal cords
rounded vowel
a vowel that is produced with rounding or protrusion of the lips; either protrusion or narrowing of the mouth opening may produce the desired acoustic effects.
affricates
a manner of articulation; an affricate is a consonant sound formed by a stop + fricative sequence. The only English affricates are /dჳ/ and /tഽ/
approximants
Sounds produced where the articulators approach each other, but do not cause a strong constriction in the vocal tract
liquids
a cover term describing the manner of artiulation shared by the rhotic /r/ and the lateral /l/, both of which have a vocal tract that is constricted only somewhat more than that for vowels. Unlike glides, liquids do not require movement for their auditory identification.
