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INFC 206 > Module 2 > Flashcards

Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The unit most commonly used to measure the size of microorganisms is a

A

Micrometer

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2
Q

List the 4 microbes

A

Protozoa
Fungi
Bacteria
Viruses

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3
Q

The 3 general shapes of bacteria are

A

Cocci, spiral and rods

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4
Q

Bacteria that are described as Gram positive

A

Appear bluish-black after being stained with the Gram Stain

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5
Q

Bacteria that are able to survive in dry conditions

A

Have endospores

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6
Q

The process by which most bacteria reproduce is called

A

Binary fission

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7
Q

Rapidly growing bacteria have a generation time of approximately

A

15 to 30 minutes

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8
Q

The phases of the growth curve listed in order are

A

Lag
Log
Stationary
Death

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9
Q

The growth phase where all bacteria are multiplying at maximum rate is

A

Log

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10
Q

The growth phase where spores are not likely to be found is

A

Log

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11
Q

True or False
Viruses contains both DNA and RNA

A

False

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12
Q

Most microorganisms are harmful and cause diseases

A

False

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13
Q

True or False

The Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast method of staining can be used to detect Tuberculosis causing organisms

A

True

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14
Q

True or False
The generation time is the same for all bacteria; about 15 to 30 minutes

A

False

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15
Q

Endospores are more resistant to destruction than vegetative bacteria

A

True

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16
Q

True or False
One micrometer equals 1/1000 of a centimetre

A

False
It equals to 1/1000 of a millimeter not a centimetre

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17
Q

True or False
Endospores are quite resistant to heat

A

True

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18
Q

Bacteria that form _________ may remain dormant for days, months and even years without nutrients or moisture

A

Spores; endospores

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19
Q

The process of bacterial reproduction is called

A

Binary fission

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20
Q

What requires a living host to replicate

A

Virus

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21
Q

Bacteria that appear dark bluish-black when stained are called

A

Gram positive

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22
Q

Microorganisms Are too small to be seen without the aid of what?

A

a microscope; even then they require staining to be noticed

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23
Q

True or False

Microorganisms Are relatively simple in structure and come in different shapes and sizes

A

True

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24
Q

What are microorganisms also called?

A

Microbes

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25
Q

What do microorganisms require in order live?

A

Require food to live, reproduce and die.

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26
Q

What percentage do known microorganisms make us sick?

A

1%

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27
Q

True or False
Microorganisms Are nearly everywhere in the environment and on our body

A

True

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28
Q

What kind of creatures are Protozoa ?

A

Unicellular

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29
Q

How do Protozoa move about?

A

using a whipping action created by a hair-like appendage called a flagellum

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30
Q

What’s another way Protozoa move about?

A

or with temporary protoplasmic limb-like extensions called amoeboid motion.

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31
Q

True or false
A characteristic of Protozoa is that each cell has a nucleus and is enclosed by a plasma membrane.

A

True

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32
Q

Where do protozoa live?

A

In water and soil

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33
Q

What do Protozoa feed on?

A

feed on bacteria and small particles

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34
Q

How can Protozoal infections be treated?

A

with antiprotozoal drugs.

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35
Q

Some protozoa live in our bodies without causing any harm, but how many varieties are pathogenic to humans?

A

Approximately 30

36
Q

What kind of inflammation do Giardia infections such as beaver fever cause?

A

inflammation of the intestinal tract and diarrhea.

37
Q

Where is The source of the Giardia infection is usually found?

A

in improperly treated water supplies

38
Q

What happens Once an animal or person has been infected with this protozoan?

A

the parasite lives in the intestine, and is passed in the stool.

39
Q

Because the Giardia parasite is protected by an outer shell, how long can it survive outside the body and in the environment?

A

For long periods of time

40
Q

What is a more serious infectious illness caused by protozoa?

A

Malaria

41
Q

How is Malaria transmitted?

A

The disease-causing organism is transmitted from human to human via the bite of an infected mosquito

42
Q

Fungi have the a characteristics that May be thought of as non-photosynthetic plants or plants that do not require or use what?

A

Do not require or use light energy

43
Q

Fungi Cells have a nucleus that is

A

Enclosed by a rigid cell wall

44
Q

There are roughly 100 fungi that are common in humans, how many are pathogenic?

A

10

45
Q

How can fungi Infections be treated?

A

with antifungal drugs

46
Q

Fungi are a very diverse group of microorganisms, they are divided into 2 groups - name them

A

Yeasts & Mold

47
Q

How does yeast reproduce?

A

By budding

48
Q

What kind of structure does yeast have?

A

Yeasts are unicellular oval structures

49
Q

Many types of yeast are used in the food and beverage industry for making what?

A

Breads and wines

50
Q

What disease is the One of the most common yeasts capable of causing?

A

Candida

51
Q

Candida is a microscopic fungal organism can cause infections such as

A

oral thrush, diaper rash, vaginitis, skin infections, pneumonia and even death.

52
Q

How does budding occur In yeast?

A

A portion of the nucleus and cell contents separate into a new daughter cell.

53
Q

What kind of structure does mold have?

A

Molds are multicellular structures that form visible clumps of growth

54
Q

How does mold reproduce?

A

They reproduce using spores, fruiting bodies or binary fission.

55
Q

What are some typical examples of mold?

A

Bread and cheese

56
Q

The mold starts out with long tubular structures that eventually produce spores responsible for what?

A

colours that are often present on the surface, usually blue-green or black.

57
Q

Human infections caused by the mold-type of fungi usually involve area?

A

The skin

58
Q

A general name applied to these skin (mold) infections is called what?

A

Tinea which means worm

59
Q

What are some of The common names for these skin (mold) conditions

A

athlete’s foot, barber’s itch, jock itch and ringworm

60
Q

What surfaces are These fungi are notorious for surviving on?

A

Shower room floors

61
Q

How does binary fission occur

A

A cell duplicates its components and divides into two cells.

62
Q

What kind of characteristic does bacteria have?

A

Are tiny unicellular microorganisms typically surrounded by a rigid cell wall

63
Q

True or false

Bacteria Do not have an organized nucleus like fungi or protozoa because they lack a nuclear membrane

A

True

64
Q

Where is bacteria found?

A

just about everywhere there is moisture and nutrients

65
Q

Bacteria Grow in or on humans and are an essential part of what?

A

our body’s normal flora

66
Q

What does flora mean?

A

flora are the good guys, they compete with disease-producing microbes and provide a natural immunity against certain infections

67
Q

How does bacteria reproduce?

A

Binary fission

68
Q

How is bacteria treated?

A

Antibiotics

69
Q

True or false

Antiviral medication is effective against bacteria

A

False- it is NOT

70
Q

What is a massive respiratory infection that bacteria has caused since ancient times and that is still around today?

A

Tuberculosis or TB

71
Q

True or false
Viruses are bigger than bacteria

A

False!
They Are even smaller than bacteria and have a very simple structure

72
Q

Are viruses able to grow and reproduce on their own?

A

No

73
Q

Why can’t viruses grow and reproduce on their own?

A

Because they must rely on a living host to replicate their viral parts

74
Q

What kind of host cells do viruses use?

A

Animal, plant and bacterial cells

75
Q

Viruses have no means of movement, so who do they depend on?

A

they depend on air, water, insects, humans or animals to be carried from one host to another

76
Q

How long can Some viruses survive for when in organic material such as scabs, blood, and body wastes

A

For many hours or days

77
Q

How do you treat viruses?

A

With antiviral drugs

78
Q

Can antibiotics be effectively used to treat viruses?

A

No

79
Q

How are Most microorganisms are measured

A

in metric units called micrometres μm

80
Q

True or false

One micrometre equals 1/1000 of a millimetre.

A

True

81
Q

What is the measurement of Protozoa?

A

Usually 15 - 20 μm

82
Q

What is the measurement of fungi?

A

5 - 10 μm

83
Q

What is the measurement for bacteria?

A

0.3 - 5 μm

84
Q

What is the measurement for viruses?

A

0.02 - 0.2 μm

85
Q

What color is bacteria?

A

They are clear and colourless

86
Q

How can you see Bacteria through a microscope?

A

Through staining

87
Q

What can see you when bacteria is stained?

A

Their shape

INFC 206 (8 decks)

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