Module 2 Flashcards by Tasha 103

Description of horses and ponies depends on identifying many features such

Sex
Height
Color
Marking
Age
Description

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Is a young horse of either sex up to 1 year of age

Foal

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Is a female less than 3 years old

Filly

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Is a male less than 3 years old

Colt

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A mature female, 4 years of age and older

Mare

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Is a mature male, 4 year of age or older

Stallion

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Male that is castrated

Gelding

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A male horse that has retained one testicles within althea abdominal cavity

Rig

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The points of the horses are used l for more accurate assessment of color and refer to:

-muzzle
-legs
-mane & tail
-eyelids
-tips of the ear

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A horse with no white marking at all is termed

Whole colored

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Horse marking includes:

Scars
Brands
Acquired marks ( from Injury or saddle sore)

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Is a white mark on the forehead.

Star

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Is a narrow white mark down the face which may be a continuation of a star

Stripe l

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Is a wide covering of a white hair runing down the face over the nose

Blaze

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Exaggerated blaze covering much of the horse’s face

White face

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A white mark between the nostrils

Snip

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Describes white skin covering both lips and nostrils

White muzzle

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White skin at the edge of the lips

White upper lip and under lip

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Describe an eye that is grey-blue in color, the right sight us unaffected

Wall eye

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Describe the dark line found along the backbone of dun horses and donkeys

Dorsal stripe

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Describe any stripes on the body

Zebra marks

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Small areas formed by changes in the direction of hair growth, occurring on the head, neck, body and upper limbs.

Whorls

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An obvious indentation in the muscle on the neck, shoulder or hindquarters said of good luck and often seen in Thoroughbred and Arabs

Prophet’s thumb mark

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Patches of pink that grow white hair.

Flesh marks

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Resulting in white hair are commonly used method of protecting horses against theft.

Freeze brands

It's indicate breed or country of origin and may be situated on the neck, shoulder or quarters

Brands

May also be placed on the hooves or tattooed on the lips or gums.

Identification brands

White markings on the legs such :

Sock Stocking Leg

Black spots on the white marks are called

Ermine marks

Will note down a description of all markings and color on a sketch

Identification certificates

Actual breed is unknown then it may be described as a

Thoroughbred-type

Different horse type to survive in different climates known as :

Hotbloods Cold bloods Warm bloods

Sometimes referred to as blood horses,owning a high temperatures they developed fine skins and coats

Hotbloods

This includes heavier breeds such as draughts horses. They are heavier and more thick set with deep wide bodies and shorter legs to maintain their body heat.

Coldbloods

Result from crossbreeding hotbloods and coldbloods

Warmbloods

Refers to the horses inherited structure

Conformation

Conformation has two main aspects:

1. Static conformation - the shape of horse 2. Dynamic conformation - the way the horse moves.

If the upper jaw is longer lower it said to be '

Parrot mouthed

Upper jaw is shorter than the lower to be '

' sow mouthed '

If neck dips down in front of the withers it is said to be a '

' ewe necked '

If the withers are lower than the croup, the horse termed '

'Croup high'

The line from the withers to the point of the shoulder is known '

'Slope of shoulder'

Horses are Saud ti be when they are back at the knee

Calf knees

Horses are said to be when they appear to be forward from elbow to the top of the pastern

'Over at knee'

The horse describe as "" on below the knee if the cannon bone is narrower just below the knee than just about the fetlock.

"Tied"

Forefeet toed in are known as '

"Pigeon toed"

Forefeet turned out are known as splayed footed

"Splayed footed"

A horse with flat ribs is known

"Slab sided"

Eight pairs of ribs knows as

True ribs

Strong but less comfortable for the rider

Short backs

Gives a more comfortable ride, but are more liable to injury

Long back

Often seen in older horses as a sign of age , but may sign if of weakness in young horses

Hollow backs

Arched upwards, these backs are uncomfortable for the rider even though they are strong

Roach back

High croup is known as a

'Jumping bump'

Feet turned out and point of hocks close together

Cow hocks

Feet turned in and point of hocks wide apart

Bowed hocks

Excessive angulation of the hock with feet placed more towards the forelimbs.

Sickle hocks

Too little angulation of the hock and breed or type

Straight hocks

Hocks stand out behind the horse

Hock out behind

1. Off hind 2. Off fore 3. Near hind 4. Near fore

Walk

1. Near hind 2. Off fore 3. Off hind 4.Near fore

Trot

1.left hind 2 left fore and right hind qtogether 3. Right fore

Canter

Different types of faulty action Exagerrated movements may lead to unsoundess:

Dishing Planting Forging Over reaching Brushing/ sleedinf cutting

Forefoot appears to be thrown out from below the knee, particularly at trot

Dishing

At walk and trot the horse places one foot in front of the other and is more often associated with narrow chest confomation.

Plaiting

The hind shoe strike the fore shoe and usually it may be corrected by good schooling to build up muscle.

Forging

The hind leg over extends and the toe cuts into the forelimb somewhere between the hell and knee

Over reaching

The hind feet pass close by to one another and may brush against each other

Brushing / speedy cutting

Five-stage vetting procedure

1. Preliminary examination 2. Trotting 3. Strenuous exercise 4. Period 5. Second trot and foot examination

The vet may stand and observe the horse at rest quietly in its environment, allowing hear and breathing rates to return to normal

Stage 1: Peliminary examination

The horse is trotted on a fir, flat surface

Stage 2: trotting

The horse is exercise to the point of exertion not exhaustion

Stage 3: Strenuous Excersie

The horse is untacked and allowed to rest and stand quietly in the stable for 20-30mins.

Stage 4: Period of rest

The horse is brought out of the box and trotted away, and then vet is looking for the hood pattern axis, balance, uneven wear and state of sole and frog.

Stage 5: Second trot and foot examination

Is a defect that affect the usefulness of the horse.

Unsoundness

Is an imperfection that does not affect the usefulness of the horse.

Blemish

Because of long periods of idleness or poor handling, horses sometimes develop bad habits that are called

Vices

Most common vices

Cribbing Wind sucking Hatler pulling kicking

Is a behavior in which a horse bites down on some part of a solid object called

Cribbing

Take place when a horses presses the upper front teeth on some object and pulls back

Wind sucking

Occurs when a horse pulls back against the hatler while tied

Hatler pulling

Another vices refers to the horse using its front feet to paw or dig.

Pawing

Is greatest important when selecting race and show horses.

Pedigree

Smaller than light horse

Ponies

Are larger than light horses

Draft horses

Horses should be selected on the basis of :

Confomation Use Age Sex Soundness

Five basic colors of horses

Bay Black Brown Chestnut White

Gaits of the horses are the way in ehich it moves. Common gaits :

Walk Trot Canter Gallop Stepping pace

Module 2 Flashcards

(88 cards)