MODULE 2

Question 1

also called as biochemical physics, physical biochemistry, or biophysical chemistry.

Answer 1

MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOPHYSICS

Question 2

deals with determining the structure, size and shape of biological molecules

Answer 2

Molecular and Subcellular Biophysics

Question 3

molecules and ions present in organisms that are essential to one or more typically biological processes, such as cell division, morphogenesis, or development

Answer 3

Biomolecule or Biological Molecule

Question 4

the processes vital for a living organism to live

Answer 4

BIOLOGICAL PROCESS

Question 5

biomolecules that are organic compounds

Answer 5

C, H, O, N

Question 6

proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acid

Answer 6

large macromolecules (polyanions)

Question 7

commonly created by polymerization of small subunits (monomers)

Answer 7

large macromolecules

Question 8

composed of thousand atoms or more

Answer 8

large macromolecules

Question 9

most common macromolecules in biochemistry

Answer 9

biopolymers and large non-polymeric

Question 10

primary metabolites, secondary metabolites and natural products

Answer 10

small molecules

Question 11

low molecular weight organic compound that may regulate a biological process, with a size on the order of 1 nm

Answer 11

small molecules

Question 12

Hierarchical Structure of Biomolecule

Answer 12

Atom - Residue - Chain - Biomolecule

Question 13

large molecule made by connecting together many smaller molecules

Answer 13

Polymer

Question 14

each of the smaller molecules

Answer 14

residue (monomer)

Question 15

where the residues have something in common but are not identical

Answer 15

Biopolymers (biological polymers)

Question 16

Proteins are made by linking together smaller molecules called

Answer 16

amino acids

Question 17

what is this monomer that provide material to build cell membrane; quick energy for cells?

Answer 17

monosaccharides

Question 18

it helps provide structure; aid in muscle movement; provide immunity

Answer 18

amino acids

Question 19

contains genetic information; directs growth and development

Answer 19

Nucleotides

Question 20

store energy; cushion and insulate organs; material used for cell membrane

Answer 20

Glycerol (backbone) Fatty acids

Question 21

specifies the atoms or groups of atoms making up a molecule and the order in which they are connected to one another

Answer 21

Primary structure

Question 22

refers to the initial, simple, three-dimensional structure of molecule

Answer 22

SECONDARY STRUCTURE

Question 23

a secondary structure, such as a helix or pleated sheet, can fold back on itself and form globular shape

Answer 23

Tertiary Structure

Question 24

refers to the case where two or more tertiary shapes attach to one another to form an even larger molecule or complex

Answer 24

QUATERNARY STRUCTURE

Question 25

TRUE OR FALSE: All biomolecules exhibit all four levels of structure.

Answer 25

FALSE, NOT ALL BIOMOLECULES (SIMPLE SUGARS AND AMINO ACIDS)

Question 26

TRUE OR FALSE: Polymers are produced only by living organisms.

Answer 26

TRUE

Question 27

What links the small molecules together?

Answer 27

peptide bond

Question 28

sequence of a chain of amino acids

Answer 28

Primary structure

Question 29

hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone causes the amino acids to fold into a repeating pattern

Answer 29

Secondary structure

Question 30

three-dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions

Answer 30

Tertiary structure

Question 31

protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain

Answer 31

Quaternary structure

Question 32

TRUE OR FALSE: Structure and shape of biomolecules are involved in its biological function.

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

particular part of a molecule is involved in carrying out its function

Answer 33

Active site

Question 34

TRUE OR FALSE: It is not possible for a molecule to have more than one active site.

Answer 34

FALSE, IT IS POSSIBLE.

Question 35

region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo chemical reaction

Answer 35

ACTIVE SITE

Question 36

Consist of residues that form temporary bonds with the substrate (binding site)

Answer 36

ACTIVE SITE

Question 37

residues that catalyze a reaction of that substrate

Answer 37

Catalytic site

Question 38

site that speeds up the process of binding

Answer 38

Catalytic site

Question 39

means shape or structure

Answer 39

Conformation

Question 40

change in shape

Answer 40

Conformational transition

Question 41

change in the shape of a macromolecule, often induced by environmental factors

Answer 41

Conformational change

Question 42

Factors that may induce conformational changes include

Answer 42

temperature, pH, voltage, light in chromophores, ion concentration, phosphorylation, or the binding of a ligand

Question 43

Biophysical techniques used to study macromolecular conformational change

Answer 43

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY NMR ELECTRONPARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE (EPR) Circular Dichroism Hydrogen exchange FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER

Question 44

TRUE OR FALSE: the DNA double helix must temporarily unwind in order for the genetic instructions to be read or in order for the DNA to replicate itself for the next generation.

Answer 44

TRUE

Question 45

Spike proteins of SARS-COV-2 are known to exhibit ______________

Answer 45

open and closed conformations