Module 2 Flashcards
Atoms are comprised of what?
three different types of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
The nucleus of an atom contains the
protons and neutrons
All matter is composed of
elements, substances that cannot be broken down or transformed chemically into other substances.
An element contains only ________ type of atom
One
All atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons, giving the element its
atomic number
An element’s atomic mass is approximately equal to the sum of its
protons and neutrons
Approximately 99% of the human body is made up of the following four elements:
Hydrogen (symbol H), Oxygen (symbol O), Nitrogen (symbol N), and Carbon (symbol C).
The “goal” of ionic bonding is to
fill the outermost shell (Valence shell) of each atom. (8)
Ions are also known as
Charged atoms
In covalent bonds
2 or more atoms share electrons.
In covalent bonds, 2 or more atoms share
electrons
What are the 3 types of bonds
ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds
four main categories of biological macromolecules:
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
When two monosaccharides are linked together, they form what is called a
disaccharide
Which includes Lactose, Maltose, and Sucrose
Single units, or monomers, of carbohydrate are referred to as
monosaccharides
These include the sugars glucose and fructose
Pairs of one oxygen covalently bound to one hydrogen are what are referred to as
hydroxyl groups
Molecules that contain a lot of hydroxyl groups are usually
polar
and given that water is also polar, and polar dissolves polar, that means that monosaccharides will readily dissolve in water. We say that monosaccharides are hydrophilic, or “water loving,” because of their polar nature.
When many monomers are linked together they form a
polymer (polysaccharide)
Examples of polysaccharides include
starch, cellulose, and glycogen
Lipids include many familiar biological macromolecules, such as
fats, oils, steroids, hormones, waxes, and cholesterol, and some less familiar ones, such as phospholipids.
The triglyceride is often just referred to as a
“fat.”
It is called a triglyceride because it contains a glycerol molecule along with three fatty acids.
These fatty acids are also called
hydrocarbons
due to the fact that they are composed of just carbon and hydrogen atoms.
The single units, or monomers, of protein are called
amino acids
Amino acids are linked to one another through a process called
dehydration synthesis, also known as a condensation reaction.
