MODULE 2

Question 1

Who are the scientist’s involved with discovering the atom

Answer 1

Enest rutherford, jj thomson, Dalton, Bohr

Question 2

charge of portons, neutrons and electrons

Answer 2

+1, 0 , -1

Question 2

How are elememnts oredred in the periodic table

Answer 2

by proton number

Question 3

relative mass

Answer 3

1, 1, 1/2000

Question 4

isotopes

Answer 4

atoms of an alement with the same number oif protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 5

reactions of isotopes

Answer 5

dont react differently, as they have the same amount of electrons and that is what makes the chemical reacrtivity differ

Question 6

why aew ions charged

Answer 6

unbalanced numbers of protons and electrons

Question 7

relative masses

Answer 7

comparinf the masses of different atoms

Question 8

what is carbon-12

Answer 8

the international standard for the measurement of reltaive atomic mass

Question 9

relative isotopoic mass

Answer 9

same as mass number

Question 10

relative atomic mass

Answer 10

differebnt abundances and relative masses of the different isotopesd in an atom

Question 11

calculate rAM

Answer 11

add the percentages of the isotopes, add the numbers near the dash, divide the numbers near dash by %. always over 100

Question 12

MR

Answer 12

add together thr reltaive atomic masses of each atom making up a molecule compare to carbon-12

Question 13

RFM

Answer 13

add together RAM of each atom

Question 14

mass spectrometry

Answer 14

identifiese unknown compounds, abundances of isotopes

Question 15

what does y-axis show abnd the x-axis in a mass spec

Answer 15

y-axis= percentage abundance / x-axis=mass/charge ratio

Question 16

deteremining RAM from mass spec

Answer 16

find isotopic masses and relative abundances . the % times the number of isotope over sum of the %

Question 17

mole equation

Answer 17

mass=mr *mol

Question 18

mole equation

Answer 18

PV=NRT ideal gas constant

Question 19

units for this

Answer 19

1 atm. 1m^3. mol. 8.314. 273kelvin

Question 20

other mole equation

Answer 20

mol=volume/24 gas at room temp and pressure. at dm3

Question 21

number of molecules equation

Answer 21

mol * 6.023*10^23

Question 22

concentration and volume / mol /mass equation

Answer 22

mass/volume=conc / mol/volume=conc.

Question 23

% yield equation

Answer 23

actual amount of product/ theoretical amount *100

Question 24

atom economy equation

Answer 24

molar mass of desired product/sum of molar mass of all products *100

Question 25

what is stoichiometry

Answer 25

tells you the number of moles of each species that will react together and studies amount of substances involed

Question 26

composition by mass

Answer 26

given %'s - you have to take the %'s and see them as masses.

Question 27

example: 4.125g of compound D is reacted with an excess of hydrogen chloride. the mixture of products contains 95% by mass of one product and 5% by mass of the other product

Answer 27

compound D formula=C7H16O MR=110 MR of HCL=36.5 mol of D=4.125/110 = 0.036/0.0375 mol of HCL= 0.0375 mass of hcl=36.5*0.0375=1.36875(1.37) add two masses= 4.125+1.368=5.219 95% of this =5.22g 55 of this=0.27g

Question 28

what is the atom economy if the desired product is the only product!

Answer 28

100%

Question 29

common acids need to know

Answer 29

HNO3/ H2SO4/ HCL

Question 30

ACID DEFINITION

Answer 30

produces H+ ions, left side of PH colour red most

Question 31

common bases

Answer 31

NaOH,MG(OH)2, MgO,CuO, NH3

Question 32

DEIFNITION OF BASES

Answer 32

produce OH^- ions , right siode of ph blue and purple

Question 33

formation of salts

Answer 33

from neutralisation reactions with acids and bases; metal oxides, metal carbonates, metal hydroxides

Question 34

shown by...

Answer 34

a dot, rellative number of water molecules are put after the dot. empirical formula put before dot.

Question 34

Dot formulae

Answer 34

showsa the amount of water contained in a compound, gives the ratio between the number of compound molecules and water molecules

Question 35

how can you work out how many water molecules are present

Answer 35

use the number of hydrogen atoms. if there are 10 H atoms, there will be 5 water molecules (H2O)