Module 2

Question 0

The smallest unit of matter which retain the properties and characteristics of the element

Answer 0

Atoms

Question 1

A substance which cannot be split into simpler substances

Answer 1

Element

Question 2

Name the main chemical elements in the body

Answer 2

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, & nitrogen

Question 3

What element makes acid?

Answer 3

Hydrogen

Question 4

What element contributes to hardness of bones and teeth; needing for blood clotting, release of some hormones, contraction, & stored in bones.

Answer 4

Ca/calcium

Question 5

What element is the component of nucleic acids & ATP (molecules used to store chemical energy); required for normal bone and teeth structure?

Answer 5

P/phosphorous

Question 6

What element is the most plentiful cation inside cells; needed for nerve activity?

Answer 6

K/potassium

Question 7

What element is the component of some vitamins and many proteins?

Answer 7

S/sulfur

Question 8

What element is the most plentiful cation in extra cellular fluid; essential for maintaining water balance, needed for nerve activity?

Answer 8

Na/sodium

Question 9

What element is the most plentiful anion in extracellular fluid; essential for maintaining water balance?

Answer 9

Cl/chlorine

Question 10

What element is needed for many enzymes (molecules that increase the rate of chemical reactions in organisms; stops signals to muscle?

Answer 10

Mg/magnesium

Question 11

What element is a part of hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells) and some enzymes; not enough of this can cause anemia?

Answer 11

Fe/iron

Question 12

What is it called when two or more atoms sharing electrons joined by a chemical bond?

Answer 12

Molecule

Ex: O2 or H2O

Question 13

What is it called when a molecule atoms of different elements?

Answer 13

Compound

Ex: H2O, NaCl, CaCl2

Question 14

This state of matter has a definite shape, definite volume, and very slightly is compressible

Answer 14

Solid

Question 15

This state of matter has an indefinite shape, definite volume, and is slightly compressible.

Answer 15

Liquid

Question 16

This state of matter has an indefinite shape, indefinite volume, and is very compressible

Answer 16

Gas

Question 17

What is potential energy?

Answer 17

Stored energy that is not (yet) able to do work

Question 18

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 18

The energy of movement

Question 19

What is the summation of all the chemical reactions of the body?

Answer 19

Metabolism

Question 20

What is anabolism?

Answer 20

Energy stored in chemical bonds

Question 21

What is catabolism?

Answer 21

Energy released from chemical bonds

This energy can be turned into work

Question 22

What is energy storing?

Answer 22

Endergonic

Question 23

What is energy releasing?

Answer 23

Exergonic

Question 24

What is disorder/randomness and had no energy?

Answer 24

Entropy

Question 25

What is diffusion?

Answer 25

Moving from high concentration to low

Question 26

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 26

``` Hot = fast Cold = slow ```

Question 27

What is specific heat (heat capacity)?

Answer 27

The amount of energy it takes to raise a gram of a substance one degree of temperature (1'C)

Question 28

What kind of specific heat is hard to hear up, but stays heated for a long time?

Answer 28

High specific heat

Question 29

What kind of specific heat is fast to heat up, but fast to cool down?

Answer 29

Low specific heat

Question 30

What substance has a specific heat of 1?

Answer 30

Water

Question 31

What is it called when the amount of energy it takes to raise one gram when water is 1'C?

Answer 31

Calories

Question 32

One food calories is equal to what?

Answer 32

1000 metric calories

Question 33

Al

Answer 33

Aluminum

Question 34

B

Answer 34

Boron

Question 35

Cr

Answer 35

Chromium

Question 36

Co

Answer 36

Cobalt

Question 37

Cu

Answer 37

Copper

Question 38

F

Answer 38

Fluorine

Question 39

I

Answer 39

Iodine

Question 40

Mn

Answer 40

Manganese

Question 41

Mo

Answer 41

Molybdenum

Question 42

Se

Answer 42

Selenium

Question 43

Si

Answer 43

Silicon

Question 44

Sn

Answer 44

Tin

Question 45

V

Answer 45

Vanadium

Question 46

Zn

Answer 46

Zinc

Question 47

Metals are on what side of the periodic table?

Answer 47

Left

Question 48

Non-metals are on what side of the periodic table?

Answer 48

Right

Question 49

Noble gases are on what side of the periodic table?

Answer 49

Farthest right

Question 50

What is the most common metal?

Answer 50

Ca/calcium

Question 51

What is the most common non-metal?

Answer 51

O2/oxygen

Question 52

Name an important element required for muscle contraction and bone integrity.

Answer 52

Calcium

Question 53

Name an element that is vital to the formation of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

Answer 53

Carbon

Question 54

Name an element that is responsible for the activity of many enzymes (molecules that increase the rate of chemical relations).

Answer 54

Magnesium

Question 55

Which element is a component of some vitamins and proteins?

Answer 55

Sulfur

Question 56

This element is vital for the storage of energy (ATP).

Answer 56

Phosphorus