Module 2 & 3

Question 1

William Wundt

Answer 1

credited with making psychology an independent science. Investigated how sensations, images, and feelings combine to make up personal experience. 1879

Question 2

William James

Answer 2

How the mind functions adapt us to our environment. Regarded consciousness as an ever changing ‘stream’ or ‘flow’ of images and sensations

Question 3

BF Skinner

Answer 3

believed that actions are controlled by rewards and punishments.

Question 4

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 4

conditioned reflexes (dog salivating at sight of food)

Question 5

John B Watson

Answer 5

Observed the relationship between stimuli and response (any muscular action, glandular activity or other identifiable aspect of behavior) Mice

Question 6

Behaviorist view

Answer 6

behavior is shaped and controlled by ones environment

Question 7

cognitive view

Answer 7

behavior results from mental processing of information

Question 8

psychodynamic view

Answer 8

behavior is directed by unconscious forces

Question 9

humanistic view

Answer 9

behavior is guided by self-image and the need for personal growth

Question 10

humanistic view

Answer 10

behavior is guided by self-image and the need for personal growth

Question 11

biopsychological view

Answer 11

behavior is the result of internal physical, chemical, and biological processes

Question 12

evolutionary view

Answer 12

behavior is the result of evolution

Question 13

sociocultural view

Answer 13

behavior is influenced by ones social and cultural context

Question 14

eclectic perspective

Answer 14

understanding that a single perspective cannot explain complex human behavior.
Draws insights from a variety of perspectives

Question 15

eclectic perspective

Answer 15

understanding that a single perspective cannot explain complex human behavior.
Draws insights from a variety of perspectives

Question 16

Psychology

Answer 16

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 17

Goals of psychology

Answer 17

to understand, predict, describe and control behavior

Question 18

Common sense assumptions

Answer 18

assumptions we develop from what we have been told, our psychological observations and analysis throughout our lives

Question 19

Top down

Answer 19

Thinking

Question 20

bottom up

Answer 20

relationships and experiences

Question 21

psychiatrist

Answer 21

works in hospital, gives out prescriptions

Question 22

psychologist

Answer 22

private practice, cannot give out medication, expert on science of the mind

Question 23

counselor

Answer 23

trained to give guidance on personal, social, or psychological problems

Question 24

Social worker

Answer 24

works with families, in home care

Question 25

scientific observation

Answer 25

an empirical investigation structured to answer question about the world in a systematic and intersubjective fashion

Question 26

research method

Answer 26

a systematic approach to answering scientific questions

Question 27

uncritical acceptance

Answer 27

the tendency to believe generally positive or flattering descriptions of oneself

Question 28

confirmation bias

Answer 28

the tendency to remember or notice information that fits ones expectation, while forgetting discrepancies

Question 29

barnum effect

Answer 29

the tendency to consider a personal description accurate if it is started ion general terms

Question 30

operation definition

Answer 30

defining a scientific concept by stating the s[ecific action or procedures used to measure it.

Question 31

introspection

Answer 31

to look within; to examine ones own thoughts, feelings, and sensations

Question 32

structuralism

Answer 32

the school of thought concerned with analyzing sensation and personal experience into basic elements

Question 33

functionalism

Answer 33

the school of psychology concerned with how behavior an mental abilities help people adapt to their environments

Question 34

behaviorism

Answer 34

the school of psychology that emphasizes the study of overt, observable behavior

Question 35

cognitive behaviorism

Answer 35

an approach that combines behavioral principles with cognition to explain behavior

Question 36

gestalt psychology

Answer 36

a school of psychology emphasizing the study of thinking, learning, and perception in whole units, not by analysis into parts

Question 37

unconscious

Answer 37

contents of the mind that are beyond awareness, especially impulses and desires not directly know to a person

Question 38

psychoanalysis

Answer 38

a freudian approach to psychotherapy that emphasizes exploring unconscious conflicts

Question 39

neo freudian

Answer 39

a psychologist who accepts the broad features of Freud's theory but has revisited the theory to fit his or her own conceptions

Question 40

psychodynamic theory

Answer 40

any theory of behavior that emphasizes internal conflicts, motivates, and unconscious forces

Question 41

humanism

Answer 41

an approach to psychology that focuses on human experience, problems, potentials and ideals

Question 42

determinism

Answer 42

the idea that all behavior has prior causes that would completely explain ones choices and actions if all such causes were known

Question 43

free will

Answer 43

the idea that human beings are capable of making choices or decisions

Question 44

self-actualization

Answer 44

the ongoing process of fully developing one's personal potential

Question 45

biological perspective

Answer 45

the attempt to explain behavior in therms of underlying biological principles

Question 46

psychological perspective

Answer 46

the traditional view that behavior is shaped by psychological processes occurring at the level of the individual

Question 47

positive psychology

Answer 47

the study of human strengths, virtues, and effective functioning

Question 48

sociocultural perspective

Answer 48

the focus on the importance of social and cultural contexts in influencing the behavior of individuals

Question 49

cultural relativity

Answer 49

the idea that behavior must be judged relative to the values of the culture in which it occurs

Question 50

animal model

Answer 50

in research, an animal whose behavior is studied to derive principles that may apply to human behavior